DNA methylation separates African-American (AF, brown), Caucasian-American (CA, pink), and Han Chinese-American (AS, yellow) individuals. (A) Hierarchical clustering of 439 pop-CpG sites separating the three populations using absolute DNA methylation levels (low: green; high: red). (B) Multiscale bootstrap resampling (n = 10,000) of the 439 pop-CpG sites significantly differentially methylated between African, Asian, and Caucasian individuals. The three populations cluster separately and consistently with prior genetically defined proximities (approximately unbiased P-value > 0.99). (C) Principal component analysis (PCA) of pop-CpGs displaying the first two principal components. (D) ADMIXTURE analysis of pop-CpGs-defined ancestral DNA methylation status. Each individual is represented by a vertical line, with the lengths corresponding to the ancestry coefficients in up to three inferred ancestral groups.
