(A) Outline of the approach for identifying polygenic gene expression adaptations. (B–D) The three gene sets with significant associations (after correction for multiple tests; see Methods). Plots show their expression scores in each population versus the most strongly associated variable. Points are colored according to geographical regions listed in the insets; the two green points in each plot represent populations from Oceania. (B) Expression scores for the “UV down-regulation” gene set compared with absolute latitude. (C) Expression scores for the “Diabetes pathways” gene set compared with absolute latitude. (D) Expression scores for the “Positive regulation of cell proliferation” gene set (of which most eSNP target genes were immune-related) (Supplemental Table 2) compared with latitude.
