Identification of human PMSC and conserved mechanisms of sex chromosome inactivation in mammalian males. (A) Schematic of sex chromosome inactivation in males, and summary of modifications on the sex chromosomes. (B–D) Identification of modifications on the XY body in human primary spermatocytes by immunostaining. Locations of the XY body are highlighted with dotted circles. (E–H) Identification of human PMSC and its modifications in human round spermatids. Immunostaining is combined with DNA FISH to detect modifications on the region of the sex chromosomes. Locations of PMSC are highlighted with dotted circles. (I) Organization of the chromocenter detected by immunostaining with anti-centromere antibody in human round spermatids. All images are wide-field images.
