Figure 3.
Redundancy can be conferred by different mechanisms. (A) Genes can be controlled by redundant enhancers: a primary, proximal enhancer and a distal, secondary shadow enhancer. (B) Different TFs from the same family can bind the same cis-regulatory site and control the gene redundantly. (C) Multiple different types of TFs can redundantly control gene expression by together binding to a cis-regulatory module (e.g., enhancer).
