Domain shuffling and the evolution of vertebrates

^aNCBI Reference Sequence locus identifiers or UniProt IDs.

^bPlus (+) and minus (−) indicate whether the combination was chordate-specific using the range of cutoff E-values.

^cNumbers shown with the gene models from Branchiostoma and Ciona indicate the numbers of gene models that contained the module combinations. Asterisks indicate that some of the gene models did not identify corresponding human genes after BLASTP searches; thus, these module combinations were possibly a result of convergence.

^dCiona GeneCollection (Satou et al. 2005).

^e“EST” indicates that the expression pattern of the gene was confirmed using an EST from C. intestinalis (Satou et al. 2005).

^fGene models were not found using human proteomes, because the human gene model used here did not contain the module combinations.