
Regions of analysis around the 5′ end of genes. The substitution analysis was done in the 10,000-bp-long regions centered on the 5′ end of gene (denoted by two vertical lines). This region of analysis was further truncated if the next upstream gene was closer than 10,000 bp, or the 3′ end of the gene was closer than 5000 bp. Further, we excluded all exons. Bold lines depict the finally analyzed sequences.











