The parallel coding property is strongly tied to the translational frame-shift robustness property. Each point represents one of the alternative codes. The x-axis shows the probability of encountering a stop codon upon a frame-shifted event (average over +1 and −1 frame shift). The y-axis is the average probability of appearance of the 10% most difficult 6-mers. The arrow indicates the real code. The correlation between the two properties is 0.8. The real code is on the Pareto front, meaning that no alternative code is better than the real code in both properties. Similar results are obtained for n-mers of other sizes. Note that due to symmetries in the alternative codes with respect to the features studied (Supplemental material), multiple alternative codes often have the same values.
