Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1 and comparison with Pyrococcus genomes

An overview of central metabolism and solute transport in T. kodakaraensis. Components or pathways for which no predictable enzymes were found are represented in red. Each gene product with a predicted function in ion or solute transport is illustrated on the membrane. The transporters and permeases are grouped by substrate specificity, as (violet) cations, (green) anions, (yellow) carbohydrates/carboxylates/amino acids, and (gray) unknown. (A) Glycolysis (modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway). (B) Pyruvate degradation. (C) Amino acid degradation. (D) Sulfur reduction. (E) Hydrogen evolution and formation of proton-motive force, coupled with ATP generation. (DHAP) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; (E-4-P) erythrose 4-phosphate; (F-1,6-BP) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; (G-3-P) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; (G-6-P) glucose 6-phosphate; (OAA) oxaloacetate; (2OG) 2-oxoglutarate; (PEP) phosphoenolpyruvate; (3-PG) 3-phosphoglycerate; (PRPP) 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate; (R-5-P) ribose 5-phosphate; (Ribu-1,5-BP) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate; (ACS) acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming); (AlaAT) alanine aminotransferase; (Fbp) fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase; (FDH) formate dehydrogenase; (FNOR) ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase; (Gdh) glutamate dehydrogenase; (IOR) indolepyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; (KOR) 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; (PflDA) pyruvate formate lyase and its activating enzyme; (Oad) oxaloacetate decarboxylase; (Pck) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; (POR) pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; (Pps) phosphoenolpyruvate synthase; (Pyk) pyruvate kinase; (VOR) 2-oxoisovalerate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; (AppABCDF) ABC-type dipeptide/oligopeptide transporter; (CbiMOQ) ABC-type Co²⁺ transporter; (CorA) Mg²⁺/Co²⁺ transporter; (CysAT) ABC-type sulfate transporter; (EriC) voltage-gated Cl^- channel protein; (FbpABC) ABC-type Fe³⁺ transporter; (FeoAB) Fe²⁺ transporter; (FepBCD) ABC-type Fe³⁺-siderophore transporter; (GltT) H⁺/glutamate symporter; (Kch) Ca²⁺-gated K⁺ channel protein; (MalEFGK) ABC-type maltodextrin transporter; (MnhB-G) multisubunit Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter; (ModABC) ABC-type Mo²⁺ transporter; (NapA and NhaC) Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter; (NatAB) ABC-type Na⁺ efflux pump; (PitA) Na⁺/phosphate symporter; (PstABCS) ABC-type phosphate transporter; (PutP) Na⁺/proline symporter; (SnatA) small neutral amino acid transporter; (TrkAH) Trk-type K⁺ transporter; (ZnuABC) ABC-type Mn²⁺/Zn²⁺ transporter; (ZupT) heavymetal cation transporter.