(A) Outline of whole genome amplification of partially degraded FFPE samples via RCA–RCA (Restriction and Circularization-Aided Rolling Circle Amplification). DNA damage sites (•) are indicated. The same approach may also be used to amplify intact or degraded genomic DNA or cDNA. (B) Comparison of RCA–RCA amplification products with MDA amplification products. MDA amplification products from H2O—no template present— (lane 1), 50 ng intact reference (lane 2), or FFPE #19 (lane 3) genomic DNA; RCA–RCA amplification products from H2O—no template present—(lane 4), 50 ng intact reference (lane 5) or FFPE #19 genomic DNA (lane 6). No Nla-III digestion has been applied at this stage following RCA–RCA. (C) Reference genomic DNA undigested (lane 1) or Nla-III-digested (lane 2) prior to RCA–RCA amplification.
