Predicted evolutionary relationships between proteins encoded by the homologous HSA19q13.2 and Mmu7 ZNF gene families, based on neighbor-joining analysis on (A) amino-acid sequences and (B) nucleotide sequences. Single best trees are shown, and bootstrap values above 70% (based on 1000 bootstrap replicates) have been added above the branches. In a few cases in both trees, bootstrap values were placed in smaller font below shorter branches for legibility. The ZNF repeat regions of the 21 human and 10 mouse family members were aligned using the ClustalW 1.8 program. The evolutionary relationships between the amino acid and nucleotide sequence sets were predicted using the PAUP program (see Methods). Bars on the right indicate five clades including both human and mouse genes that are also well supported by parsimony and maximum-likelihood results; there are three pairs of potential orthologs, whereas Groups I and IV contain a single gene from one species and multiple related genes from the other. Other clades were left unmarked if they only included human genes or were not consistently well supported. Some of the more ancient relationships between groups are not as well resolved in parsimony and ML analyses.
