
Effect of glycerol and urea on capillary electrophoresis-based heteroduplex analysis of 4446CG mutant. Separation buffers (in 1 × TBE, pH 8.6): (A) 2.5% HEC, (B) 2.5% HEC containing 10% glycerol, (C) 4.5% HEC containing 10% glycerol, (D) 4.5% HEC containing 10% glycerol and 10% urea, (E) 4.5% HEC containing 10% glycerol, (F) 4.5% HEC containing 10% glycerol and 15% urea. For (A–D), 27-cm FC-coated capillary (effective length was 20 cm) and 370 V/cm were used; for (E) and (F) 37-cm FC-coated capillary (effective length was 30 cm) and 351 V/cm were used. The capillary was maintained at 20°C, other CE conditions were as in Fig. 1.











