Single QTL Effects, Epistasis, and Pleiotropy Account for Two-thirds of the Phenotypic F2 Variance of Growth and Obesity in DU6i x DBA/2 Mice

Table 5.

Most Likely Positions and Effects of QTLs

Chromosome F-ratio thresholds 1%; 5%; 10% QTL position (cM) Trait F-ratio 1 vs. 0 QTL Additive effect Dominance effect % F2 Symbol Variance
a s.e. d s.e.
 1 6.6; 5.1; 4.3 35 (11; 97) MW (mg) 6.10 13 4 −9 7 3.18
36 (25; 51) BW (g) 10.44 1.3 0.30 −0.94 0.49 5.36 Bw5
39 (10; 59) LW (mg) 5.71 74 22 −3 33 2.99
86 (65; 103) KW (mg) 4.99 11 6 −22 8 2.61
100 (80; 109) Leptin 4.94 −0.036 0.022 0.103 0.038 2.89
 2 7.2; 5.1; 4.3 26 (11; 39) KW (mg) 7.59 27 7 −7 12 3.93 Kwq6
88 (57; 100) IGF-I 4.46 0.013 0.009 0.041 0.016 2.58
 3 7.4; 5.0; 4.2 28 (22; 35) Leptin 5.47 −0.042 0.021 −0.078 0.031 3.19 
29 (23; 37) AFP (%) 6.17 −0.094 0.040 −0.150 0.060 3.24 Afpq1
30 (23; 36) AFW (mg) 4.23 −32 15 −41 22 2.27 Afw1
 4 7.0; 4.6; 3.8 33 (21; 52) LW (mg) 7.69 95 27 89 48 3.98 Lwq1
59 (34; 72) BW (g) 5.34 0.88 0.33 −0.85 0.48 2.81 Bw7
61 (49; 72) Insulin (pmol/l) 7.18 52.76 14.1 16.4 20.9 4.19  Insq1
66 (58; 74) AFW (mg) 7.61 74 19 17 32 4.00 Afw2
66 (60; 72) AFP (%) 5.72 0.160 0.047 0.001 0.077 3.01 Afpq2
66 (59; 72) Leptin 6.39 0.091 0.026 0.015 0.043 3.71
 5 5.9; 4.6; 3.7 18 (0; 39) IGF-I 4.28 0.020 0.008 −0.018 0.012 2.47
25 (0; 64) Leptin 3.75 0.058 0.025 −0.061 0.039 2.21
80 (69; 91) AFW (mg) 5.67 54 16 11 23 3.01 Afw3
81 (73; 89) BW (g) 11.69 1.45 0.30 0.25 0.42 5.96  Bw13
81 (77; 85) LW (mg) 9.34 77 21 68 30 4.79 Lwq2
 7 7.0; 5.1; 4.2 22 (13; 27) AFP (%) 18.50 0.249 0.043 −0.121 0.063 9.11  Afpq9
23 (16; 28) AFW (mg) 24.93 112 16 −47 24 12.02  Afw9
28 (23; 33) BW (g) 25.91 2.34 0.33 −0.94 0.51 12.31  Bw14
28 (21; 35) KW (mg) 14.50 35 6 −3 10 7.25  Kwq7
29 (20; 34) MW (mg) 19.49 27 4 −11 7 9.55  Mwq1
32 (27; 44) LW (mg) 28.76 173 23 −50 35 13.42  Lwq6
32 (23; 56) Insulin (pmol/l) 6.20 42.4 13.8 −42.2 20.8 3.64
 9 6.8; 4.6; 3.8 27 (21; 35) LW (mg) 9.41 92 23 54 31 4.83  Lwq7
37 (22; 51) BW (g) 6.23 1.28 0.36 −0.18 0.56 3.27
10 5.9; 4.7; 3.8 38 (32; 45) IGF-I 29.70 0.056 0.007 −0.011 0.010 14.98  Igf1q1
64 (47; 80) SW (mg) 10.93 −18 4 0 6 5.50  Swq5
−8 59 −11 10
−29 7 42 12
11 7.9; 5.4; 4.6 4 (0; 12) Leptin 5.08 0.057 0.022 −0.058 0.032 2.97
9 (0; 19) AFP (%) 5.86 0.116 0.043 −0.139 0.064 3.08  Afpq5
0.079 0.054 0.004 0.083
0.146 0.069 −0.314 0.096
10 (0; 18) MW (mg) 5.96 11 4 −14 6 3.13  Mwq2
12 (2; 19) AFW (mg) 6.48 49 16 −47 23 3.42 Afw5
27 21 4 32
74 27 −117 38
14 (6; 17) BW (g) 7.52 1.06 0.31 −0.81 0.43 3.92  Bw16
39 (23; 42) SW (mg) 8.13 14 4 10 5 4.16 Swq1
55 (36; 65) BW (g) 9.52 1.32 0.31 −0.28 0.45 4.91 Bw4
59 (53; 69) AFP (%) 4.26 0.083 0.040 0.123 0.059 2.26
59 (50; 65) MW (mg) 11.50 17 4 −13 6 5.86  Mwq3
61 (53; 71) AFW (mg) 4.79 41 16 −44 24 2.55
12 6.4; 4.3; 3.5 16 (8; 24) Leptin 6.02 0.058 0.020 −0.053 0.029 3.50
17 (0; 50) BW (g) 3.87 0.77 0.29 −0.35 0.43 2.05 Bw9
18 (10; 26) AFP (%) 7.48 0.125 0.041 −0.140 0.061 3.89  Afpq10
20 (14; 26) MW (mg) 12.25 19 4 −9 6 6.23  Mwq4
21 (0; 30) SW (mg) 8.90 −15 4 13 6 4.52 Swq2
21 (15; 27) AFW (mg) 8.56 59 21 −82 30 4.50  Afw10
43 (26; 60) AFW (mg) 4.37 5 23 111 37 2.34
46 (31; 61) LW (mg) 4.02 33 24 105 42 2.12
13 5.7; 4.5; 3.8 10 (3; 16) BW (g) 7.36 −1.23 0.39 −0.90 0.50 3.84  Bw15
10 (0; 21) MW (mg) 4.42 −140 5 −6 7 2.32
11 (4; 18) AFW (mg) 6.03 −39 17 −54 22 3.20 Afw6
13 (0; 46) AFP (%) 4.25 −0.105 0.046 −0.101 0.065 2.25 Afpq4
13 (0; 21) Leptin 4.32 0.013 0.023 −0.098 0.033 2.54
43 (33; 52) MW (mg) 9.75 26 6 −9 8 5.00  Mwq5
47 (33; 61) BW (g) 6.39 1.42 0.40 −0.48 0.63 3.35 Bw10
14 6.6; 4.7; 3.9 3 (0; 13) SW (mg) 4.66 5 4 −15 5 2.43 Swq3
18 (6; 29) AFW (mg) 5.58 53 16 12 22 2.97
28 (21; 41) Leptin 7.58 0.061 0.021 0.075 0.030 4.36  Lepq1
43 (16; 70) KW (mg) 4.02 16 6 4 8 2.12
15 6.2; 4.5; 3.7 16 (0; 38) Insulin (pmol/l) 3.90 31.3 14.3 −43.6 24.1 2.32
50 (33; 56) LW (mg) 6.31 77 22 −27 32 3.29 Lwq5
57 (49; 65) SW (mg) 3.71 10 4 −6 5 1.94
56 (47; 65) IGF-I 4.29 0.019 0.007 −0.008 0.009 2.48
17 6.5; 4.7; 3.8 36 (27; 51) AFP (%) 8.92 −0.205 0.048 −0.007 0.083 4.61  Afpq6
39 (30; 52) AFW (mg) 9.00 −77 18 8 30 4.70 Afw7
18 5.9; 3.9; 3.2 16 (0; 32) LW (mg) 5.07 53 21 −53 29 2.66
19 (0; 35) KW (mg) 3.83 9 6 −21 9 2.02
39 (26; 54) IGF-I 9.51 0.034 0.008 0.002 0.013 5.34  Igf1q2
19 5.6; 3.6; 3.0 47 (32; 55) Leptin 6.22 0.079 0.022 −0.005 0.032 3.61
X 4.5; 3.0; 2.2 16 (0; 32) AFP (%) 2.61 0.053 0.037 1.39
−0.077 0.042
17 (0; 39) AFW (mg) 4.78 43 15 2.54  Afw11
−23 17
44 (32; 58) LW (mg) 5.85 −68 20 3.02  Lwq8
−18 22
  • Trait acronyms are given below Table 3. For leptin and IFG-I, logarithmic transformed data were used for the analysis. Thus, the estimates are given as logarithmic units as well.

  • The chromosome specific 1%, 5%, and 10% F-value thresholds estimated via permutation analyses.

  • The most likely locations are given as distance from the centromere.

  • At loci in which QTL effects were sex specific (P < 0.05), below the joint estimate over both sexes estimates are given separately for males and females.

  • F values for traits in which two QTLs were found in a linkage group (P < 0.05); the presented F values result from one QTL analysis after fitting the second QTL on the chromosome as the background genetic effect.

  • The QTL effects are given as reduction of the residual sum of squares fitting 1 vs. 0 QTLs.

  • Males.

  • Females.

  • Symbols were given for QTLs of the genome-wide 5% significant level at F > 7.07 for loci in which two QTLs were found in a linkage group at P < 0.05 and both single QTLs have chromosome-wide significant level at P < 0.05 and for suggestive QTLs, which have been confirmed from our previous experiment (Brockmann et al. 1998). Bold printed names indicate QTL symbols that have been assigned in this study.

This Article

  1. Genome Res. 10: 1941-1957

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