Phylogeny of the Serpin Superfamily: Implications of Patterns of Amino Acid Conservation for Structure and Function

Sequences identified by either the strict consensus method or the comparison method were assembled into majority consensus maximum parsimony bootstrap trees. Bootstrap numbers appear on the branches; filled circles indicate relationships deemed statistically significant (Felsenstein 1985). Sequences are identified by species and name abbreviations, followed by the GenPept accession number in brackets. Species abbreviations: (aae) Aedes aegypti; (asy) Apodemus sylvaticus; (ath)Arabidopsis thaliana; (afa) Avena fatua; (bmo) Bombyx mori; (bta) Bos taurus; (bma) Brugia malayi; (cel)Caenorhabditis elegans; (cca) Callosciurus caniceps; (cpo) Cavia porcellus; (cco)Coturnix coturnix japonica; (cvi) cowpox virus; (cgr) Cricetulus griseus; (ccar)Cyprinus carpio; (dre) Danio rerio; (dvi) Didelphis virginiana; (dme)Drosophila melanogaster; (evi) Ectromelia virus; (eca) Equus caballus; (fru)Fugu rubripes; (gga) Gallus gallus; (hsa) Homo sapiens; (hvu) Hordeum vulgare; (hcu) Hyphantria cunea; (mmu)Macaca mulatta; (mse) Manduca sexta; (mga) Meleagris gallopavo; (mun)Meriones unguiculatus; (mau) Mesocricetus auratus; (mca) Mus caroli; (mmu)Mus musculus; (msa) Mus saxicola; (mvis) Mustela vison; (mvi) myxoma virus; (ocu) Oryctolagus cuniculus; (oar) Ovis aries; (ple) Pacifastacus leniusculus; (pha) Papio hamadryas anubis; (pma)Petromyzon marinus; (rvi) rabbitpox virus; (rno) Rattus norvegicus; (ssci) Saimiri sciureus; (sha) Schistosoma haematobium; (sja) Schistosoma japonicum; (sma)Schistosoma mansoni; (str) Spermophilus tridecemlineatus; (ssc) Sus scrofa; (svi) swinepox virus; (ttr) Tachypleus tridentatus; (tsi) Tamias sibricus; (tvi) Trichostrongylus vitrinus; (tae)Triticum aestivum; (vvi) vaccinia virus; (vavi) variola virus; (xla), Xenopus laevis. Serpin name abbreviations: (A2AP) α₂-antiplasmin; (A1AT, AAT) α₁-antiproteinase inhibitor or α₁-antitrypsin; (AAP) α₁-antiproteinase; (ACT) antichymotrypsin; (ANGT) angiotensinogen; (AP) antiproteinase; (API) α₁-proteinase inhibitor; (ANT) antithrombin; (C1-I) C1 inhibitor; (CBG) cortisol-binding globulin; (CP-9) carp serine proteinase inhibitor; (EB22/3) antichymotrypsin-like protein; (EP45) estrogen-regulated protein 45 kD; (FXIIA-I) factor XIIA inhibitor; (GDN) glia-derived nexin or proteinase nexin-1; (GP50) HSP-47-like protein; (HEPII) heparin cofactor II; (HP-55) 55-kD hibernation protein; (HSP47) 47-kD heat shock protein; (KAL) kallistatin; (LICI) limulus intracellular coagulation inhibitor; (MC-7) contrapsin-related protein; (MENT) myeloid and erythroid nuclear termination stage-specific protein; (MNEI) monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor; (NEUS) neuroserpin; (OVAL) ovalbumin; (PAI-1, PAI-2, etc.) plasminogen activator inhibitor; (PCI) protein C inhibitor; (PEDF) pigment epithelium-derived factor; (PI-6, PI-8, PI-9, etc.) proteinase inhibitor; (PP-60) 60-kD pregnancy protein; (Put) putative; (RASP-1) Regeneration-Associated Serpin Protein-1; (SCCA) Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen; (SERP) serpin; (SPI-1, SPI-2, etc.) serine proteinase inhibitor; (TBG, THBG) thyroxine-binding globulin; (UFAP, UABP) uteroferrin-associated protein; (UTMP) uterine milk protein.