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The completion of the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)

    • 3National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
    • 4National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
    • 5National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
    • 6SAIC-Frederic, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
    • 7National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
    • 8National Cancer Institute, Center for Bioinformatics, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
    • 9National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
    • 10Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
    • 11Present address: Department of Computer Science, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.
    • 12Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
    • 13Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
    • 14Department of Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
    • 15Present address: School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 and Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China.
    • 16Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
    • 17Present address: Pediatrics Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
    • 18The I.M.A.G.E. Consortium, Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
    • 19Present address: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.
    • 20Present address: Norgren Systems, Ronceverte, West Virginia 24970, USA.
    • 21Present address: Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.
    • 22Present address: National Ignition Facility, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
    • 23Present address: Computing Applications and Research Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
    • 24Open Biosystems, now a part of ThermoFisher Scientific, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA.
    • 25HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA.
    • 26Present address: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, USA.
    • 27Department of Dermatology, Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
    • 28Express Genomics, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA.
    • 29Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
    • 30University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, USA.
    • 31Present address: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06620, USA.
    • 32NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
    • 33Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
    • 34Stanford Human Genome Center, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
    • 35Present address: Cardiodx, Inc., Palo Alto, California 94303, USA.
    • 36Present address: Baxter International, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois 60015, USA.
    • 37Present address: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA.
    • 38Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC, V5Z 4S6 Canada.
    • 39GeneCopoeia Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
    • 40Beckman Coulter Genomics, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.
    • 41Geneart AG, Regensburg, Germany 93053.
    • 42Codon Devices, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
    • 43Present address: Helicos BioSciences Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
    • 44Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI/SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
    • 45Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
    • 46German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
    • 1 A complete list of authors and affiliations appears at the end of the paper, before the Acknowledgments section.
    • 2 Corresponding author. E-mail [email protected]; fax (301) 480-2770.
Published September 18, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.095976.109
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cover of Genome Research Vol 36 Issue 7
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July 2026, Vol. 36, No. 7
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Abstract

Since its start, the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) has sought to provide at least one full-protein-coding sequence cDNA clone for every human and mouse gene with a RefSeq transcript, and at least 6200 rat genes. The MGC cloning effort initially relied on random expressed sequence tag screening of cDNA libraries. Here, we summarize our recent progress using directed RT-PCR cloning and DNA synthesis. The MGC now contains clones with the entire protein-coding sequence for 92% of human and 89% of mouse genes with curated RefSeq (NM-accession) transcripts, and for 97% of human and 96% of mouse genes with curated RefSeq transcripts that have one or more PubMed publications, in addition to clones for more than 6300 rat genes. These high-quality MGC clones and their sequences are accessible without restriction to researchers worldwide.

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