Table 5.

Thyroid Hormone–Induced Up-Regulation of mRNA Expression for Genes Involved in Metabolism

UniGene no. Encoded protein Pathway Fold
Hs.77837UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2Glycogen synthesis3.02
Hs.1691Glycogen branching enzymeGlycogen synthesis2.82
Hs.169428Cytochrome c[ii] Respiratory chain (complex IV)2.68
Hs.2043Adenine nucleotide translocase 1Mitochondrial carrier2.66
Hs.33084Fructose transporter GLUT 5[ii] Glucose metabolism2.66
Hs.78713Adenine nucleotide translocase 2[ii] Mitochondrial carrier2.58
Hs.74635Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E3)Citric acid cycle2.58
Hs.80595NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5Respiratory chain (complex I)2.54
Hs.8364Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4[ii] Citric acid cycle2.52
Hs.19236NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 β subcomplex, 5Respiratory chain (complex I)2.50
Hs.131255Ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase binding proteinRespiratory chain (complex III)2.46
Hs.155433ATP synthase, F1 complex, γ 1Respiratory chain (complex V)2.35
Hs.101337Uncoupling protein 3[ii] Mitochondrial carrier 2.30
Hs.81634ATP synthase, F0 complex, subunit b, isoform 1Respiratory chain (complex V)2.26
Hs.109646NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 β subcomplex, 6Respiratory chain (complex I)2.23
Hs.61255Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2[ii] Neoglucogenesis2.13
Hs.1023Pyruvate decarboxylase (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1-α)Citric acid cycle2.10
Hs.429ATP synthase, F0 complex, subunit c, isoform 3Respiratory chain (complex V)2.09
Hs.79876Steroid sulfatase, arylsulfatase C, isozyme S[ii] Steroid hormone synthesis2.02
Hs.73851ATP synthase, F0 complex, subunit F6Respiratory chain (complex V)2.02
Hs.78060Phosphorylase kinase, βGlycogenolysis2.00
Hs.268012Long-chain fatty acid–coenzyme A ligase 3Lipid β oxidation1.99
Hs.7043Succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, α subunitCitric acid cycle1.99
Hs.74823NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 α subcomplex, 1Respiratory chain (complex I)1.96
Hs.3462Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIcRespiratory chain (complex IV)1.90
Hs.76688Carboxylesterase 1Cholesterol metabolism1.86
Hs.183435NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 β subcomplex, 1Respiratory chain (complex I)1.82
Hs.74649Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIc[ii] Respiratory chain (complex IV)1.74
Hs.77508Glutamate dehydrogenase 1[ii] Citric acid cycle1.72
Hs.1775843-oxoacid CoA transferaseCitric acid cycle1.64

[i] The fold increase represents the mean of the five comparisons.

[ii] Proteins that have been shown to be positively regulated by thyroid hormones in rodents.