Markup | Genome Research

Table 5.

Relative Levels of Gene Expression in the Embryonic Zebrafish and Fetal Human Hearts

	No. of ESTs		Proportion of ESTs
	Z	H	Z	H	EXP	OBS/EXP	χ²
Cell division
General	17	154	0.65%	1.42%	36.97	0.46	10.95^†
DNA synthesis/replication	8	24	0.31%	0.22%	5.76	1.39	0.87
Apoptosis	6	11	0.23%	0.10%	2.64	2.27	4.28
Cell cycle	20	92	0.77%	0.85%	22.09	0.91	0.20
Chromosome structure	23	149	0.88%	1.37%	35.77	0.64	4.63
Category subtotal	74	430	2.84%	3.96%	103.24	0.72	8.63[i]
Cell signalling/communication
Cell adhesion	11	93	0.42%	0.86%	22.33	0.49	5.80
Channel/transport proteins	10	78	0.38%	0.72%	18.73	0.53	4.10
Effectors/modulators	60	156	2.30%	1.44%	37.45	1.60	13.77^†
Hormones/growth factors	27	297	1.04%	2.74%	71.31	0.38	28.32^†
Intracellular transducers	27	242	1.04%	2.23%	58.10	0.46	17.04^†
Metabolism	0	28	0.00%	0.26%	6.72	0.00	6.74
Protein modification	25	166	0.96%	1.53%	39.86	0.63	5.62
Receptors	29	97	1.11%	0.89%	23.29	1.25	1.41
Category subtotal	189	1157	7.25%	10.66%	277.79	0.68	31.83
Cell structure/motility
General	12	48	0.46%	0.44%	11.52	1.04	0.02
Contractile proteins	229	868	8.79%	8.00%	208.40	1.10	2.22
Cytoskeletal	324	537	12.43%	4.95%	128.93	2.51	310.75^†
Extracellular matrix	69	410	2.65%	3.78%	98.44	0.70	9.16[i]
Microtubule-associated/motors	3	0	0.12%	0.00%	0.00	n/a	n/a
Vesicular transport	4	33	0.15%	0.30%	7.92	0.50	1.95
Category subtotal	641	1896	24.60%	17.47%	455.22	1.41	92.17
Cell/organism defense
General	52	100	2.00%	0.92%	24.01	2.17	30.63[i]
DNA repair	18	64	0.69%	0.59%	15.37	1.17	0.45
Carrier protein/membrane transport	96	303	3.68%	2.79%	72.75	1.32	7.65
Stress response	62	146	2.38%	1.35%	35.05	1.77	21.00^†
Immunology	7	54	0.27%	0.50%	12.97	0.54	2.76
Category subtotal	235	667	9.02%	6.15%	160.14	1.47	38.74^†
Gene/protein expression
RNA synthesis
RNA polymerases	3	28	0.12%	0.26%	6.72	0.45	2.07
RNA processing	61	335	2.34%	3.09%	80.43	0.76	4.85
Transcription factors	79	458	3.03%	4.22%	109.96	0.72	8.33[i]
Protein synthesis
Posttranslational modification/targetting	56	341	2.15%	3.14%	81.87	0.68	8.45[i]
Protein turnover	54	151	2.07%	1.39%	36.25	1.49	8.81[i]
Ribosomal proteins	449	2232	17.23%	20.56%	535.89	0.84	17.81^†
tRNA synthesis/metabolism	6	33	0.23%	0.30%	7.92	0.76	0.47
Translation factors	103	685	3.95%	6.31%	164.47	0.63	24.54^†
Category subtotal	811	4263	31.12%	39.28%	1023.53	0.79	73.41
Metabolism
General	10	28	0.38%	0.26%	6.72	1.52	1.6
Amino acid	22	79	0.84%	0.73%	18.97	1.14	0.49
Cofactors	0	12	0.00%	0.11%	2.88	0.00	2.88
Energy/TCA cycle	144	556	5.53%	5.12%	133.49	1.10	0.87
Lipid	51	177	1.96%	1.63%	42.50	1.23	1.73
Nucleotide	32	78	1.23%	0.72%	18.73	1.70	9.48[i]
Protein modification	9	64	0.35%	0.59%	15.37	0.60	2.65
Sugar/glycolysis	50	363	1.92%	3.34%	87.15	0.56	16.40[i]
Transport	75	146	2.88%	1.35%	35.05	2.16	46.15^†
Category subtotal	393	1503	15.08%	13.85%	360.86	1.10	3.3
Unclassified	263	936	10.09%	8.62%	224.73	1.15	7.14
Total	2606	10854

[i] P = .005; †P = .001

[ii] (Z) Embryonic zebrafish; (H) Fetal human; (EXP) expected no. of transcripts; (OBS) observed no. of transcripts; (χ²) chi square result.