Human–Horse Comparative Gene Map Using Synteny, Linkage and in Situ Hybridization (127 Genes)
| Hsa[i] | Locus | Locus name | ECA [ii] | Method[iii] | Bta [iv] | Mmu [v] | Fca [vi] | Ssc [vii] | |
| 1p36.2 | NPPA | natriuretic peptide precursor, A | 2 | S | 16 | 4 | — | — | |
| 1p36.2–p36.13 | PGD | phosphogluconate dehydrogenase | 2p12 | I,L | 16 | 4 | C1 | 6q2.2 q2.5 | |
| 1p31 | PGM1 | phosphoglucomutase 1 | 5 | L | 3 | 5 | C1 | 6 | |
| 1p13.1 | NGFB | nerve growth factor, β | 5 | S | 3 | 3 | — | 4q1.6–q2.3 | |
| 1q21 | GBA | glucosidase,β, acid | 5 | S | 3 | 3 | — | 4 | |
| 1q23–q25.1 | AT3 | antithrombin III | 5 | S | 16 | 1 | — | — | |
| 1q31 | LAMC1 | laminin, C1 | 5 | S | 16 | 1 | — | — | |
| 2p25 | ODC1 | ornithine decarboxylase | 15q27 | I | — | 12 | — | — | |
| 2p21 | CAD | carbamoylphosphate synthetase | 15q25 | I | — | 1 | — | — | |
| 2p21 | SPTBN1 | spectrin, β, nonerythrocytic 1 | 15 | S | — | 11 | — | — | |
| 2q14 | IL1B | interleukin 1, β | 15 | S | 2 | 2 | 3q1.1–q1.4 | ||
| 2q12–q14 | PAX8 | human paired domain | 15 | S | — | 2 | — | — | |
| 2q21 | LCT | lactase-phlorizin hydrolase | 15q21 | I | — | 1 | — | 15q1.3 | |
| 2q32.1 | MSTN | myostatin | 18 | S | 2 | 1 | — | — | |
| 2q24–q32 | CHRNA | cholinergic receptor, nicotin, α | 18 | S | 2 | 2 | — | — | |
| 2q31–q32 | NEB | nebulin | 18 | S | 2 | 2 | — | — | |
| 2q33–34 | CHRNG | cholinergic receptor, nicotin, γ | [6] | S | 2 | 1 | — | — | |
| 2q34 | FN1 | fibronectin 1 | [6] | S | 2 | 1 | — | — | |
| 3p24.3–24.2 | RARB | retinoic acid receptor, β | 16 | S | — | 14 | — | — | |
| 3p21.33 | GLB1 | galactosidase, β, 1 | 16 | S | — | 9 | B3 | — | |
| 3q21–q24 | RHO | rhodopsin | 16 | S | 22 | 6 | — | — | |
| 3q21 | TF | transferrin | 16q23 | S | 1 | 9 | — | 13q3.1 | |
| 3q21–q23 | LTF | lactotransferrin | 16q | I | 22 | 9 | — | — | |
| 3q21–q24 | CP | ceruloplasmin | 16 | S | 1 | 9 | — | 13q3.2–q3.3 | |
| 3q28 | SST | somatostatin | 19 | S | 1 | 16 | — | — | |
| 4p16.3 | FGFR3 | fibroblast growth factor receptor | 3 | S | 6 | 5 | — | — | |
| 4q11–q13 | ALB | albumin | 3q14 | S,I | 6 | 5 | — | 8q1.2 | |
| 4q12 | GC | group specific component | 3 | L | 6 | 5 | — | — | |
| 4q12 | KIT | mast cell growth factor receptor | 3q21 | L,I | 6 | 5 | B1 | 8p12–p21 | |
| 4q12 | PDGFRA | platelet derived growth factor A | 3q21 | I, L | 6 | 5 | — | 8p12 | |
| 4q22 | ADH2 | alcohol dehydrogenase 2 | 3 | S | 6 | 3 | — | — | |
| 4q22 | ADH3 | alcohol dehydrogenase 3 | 3 | S | 6 | 3 | — | 8 | |
| 4q26–q27 | IL2 | interleukin 2 | 2 | S | 17 | 3 | B1 | 8 | |
| 4q28 | FGG | fibrinogen, γ polyp | 2 | S | 17 | 3 | — | 8 | |
| 5p13 | IL7R | interleukin receptor 7 | 21 | S | — | 15 | — | — | |
| 5p13–p12 | GHR | growth hormone receptor | 21 | S | 20 | 15 | — | 16q1.3–q1.4 | |
| 5p14 | C9 | complement component 9 | 21 | S | 1 | — | — | 16q14 | |
| 5q11–q12 | CTLA3 | cytotoxic T-1 assoc serine es 3 | 21 | S | — | 13 | — | — | |
| 5q13 | HEXB | hexoseaminidase b | 14 | S | 20 | 13 | — | — | |
| 5q21–q23 | CAMK4 | calmodulin depend. Prot. kinase 4 | 14 | S | — | 18 | — | — | |
| 5q31.1 | CSF2 | colony stimulating factor 2 | 14 | S | 7 | 11 | — | 5 | |
| 5q31–q32 | SPARC | secreted pro, ac, cyst-rich | 14 | S | 7 | 11 | — | — | |
| 5q32–34 | ADRB2 | adrenergic receptor, β2 | 14 | S | 7 | 18 | — | — | |
| 5q33.2–q33.3 | CSF1R | colony stimulating factor 1 receptor | 14 | S | 7 | 18 | A1 | — | |
| 6pter–p21.1 | CLPS | colipase | 20 | S | — | 17 | — | 7 | |
| 6p25–p24 | F13 | coagulation factor 13, A | 20q13 | L,I | 23 | — | — | 4 | |
| 6p21.2 | PIM1 | Pim-1 oncogene | 20q24 | I | — | 17 | B2 | — | |
| 6p21 | HLA | major histocompatibility complex | 20q | L,I,S | 23 | 17 | B2 | 7 | |
| 6p21.3 | CYP21 | cytochrome P450 | 20 | L | 23 | 17 | — | 7 | |
| 6p21.3 | C4 | complement component 4 | 20 | L | 23 | 17 | — | 7 | |
| 6p21.3 | TNFA | tumor necrosis factor, A | 20 | S | 23 | 17 | — | 7p1.1–q1.1 | |
| 6q13 | COL9A1 | collagen type IX, α-1 | 20q24 | S | — | 1 | — | — | |
| 6q24–p23 | EDN1 | endothelin 1 | 20 | S | — | 13 | — | 7p1.3–p1.2 | |
| 6q12 | ME1 | malic enzyme | 10q12 | S,I | 9 | 9 | B2 | 1 | |
| 6q21.1–q23 | CGA | glycoprotein hormone, α chain | 10 | S | 9 | 4 | — | 1 | |
| 6q21–q22.3 | COL10A1 | collagen, type X, α 1 | 10 | S | — | 10 | — | — | |
| 6q25.1 | ESR | estrogen receptor | 31q15 | S | 9 | 6 | — | 1p2.5–p2.4 | |
| 6q26 | PLG | plasminogen | 31 | S | — | 17 | — | — | |
| 7p15–p14 | TCRG | T-cell receptor, γ subunit | 4 | S | 4 | 13 | A2 | — | |
| 7q11.2 | ELN | elastin | 13 | S | 25 | 5 | — | — | |
| 7q11.23–q21 | GUSB | glucuronidase, β | 13 | S | 25 | 5 | E3 | — | |
| 7q31.3 | LEP | leptin | 4 | S | 4 | 6 | — | 18 | |
| 7q36 | EN2 | Engrailed 2 | 4 | S | — | 5 | — | — | |
| 8q11 | DNAPK | DNA protein kinase, catalytic sub. | 9p12 | S | — | 16 | — | — | |
| 8q24 | TG | thyroglobulin | 9 | S | 14 | 15 | — | — | |
| 9p22 | IFNA1 | interferon, α-1 | 23 | S | 8 | 4 | — | 1 | |
| 9p21 | IFNB1 | interferon, β-1 | 23 | S | 8 | 4 | — | 1 | |
| 9p13 | CNTFR | ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor | 23 | S | 8q21 | 4 | — | — | |
| 9q31 | TXN | thioredoxin | 25 | S | 8 | 4 | — | — | |
| 9q33 | GRP78 | glucose-regulated protein | 25 | S | 11 | 2 | — | 1q2.12q2.13 | |
| 10p13 | VIM | vimentin | 29 | S | 13 | 2 | — | 10 | |
| 11p15.3–p15.1 | PTH | parathyroid hormone | 7 | S | 15 | 7 | — | 2 | |
| 11p15.5 | HBB | hemoglobin β | 7 | S | 15 | 7 | D1 | — | |
| 11p15 | TUB | Tubby | 7 | S | — | 7 | — | — | |
| 11p15.5 | IGF2 | insulin-like growth factor 2 | 12q14 | S,I | 29 | 7 | — | — | |
| 11q12 | CD20 | CD20 antigen | 12 | S | — | 19 | — | — | |
| 11cen-q13 | ADRBK1 | adrenergic receptor β kinase 1 | 12 | S | — | 19 | — | — | |
| 11q22 | PR | progesterone receptor | 7p16 | I | — | 9 | — | — | |
| 11q23.3 | THY1 | Thy-1 T-cell surface antigen | 7 | S | 15 | 9 | — | — | |
| 11q23 | DRD2 | dopamine receptor D2 | 7 | S | — | 9 | — | ||
| 12p12.2–p12.1 | LDHB | lactate dehydrogenase B | [28] | S | 5 | 6 | B4 | 5 q12 | |
| 12q13.3 | PFKM | phosphofructokinase m | [6] | S | 5 | — | — | — | |
| 12q21 | PEPB | peptidase B | [28] | S | 5 | 10 | B4 | 5 | |
| 12q22–q24.1 | IGF1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 | [28] | S | 5 | 10 | — | 5q2.5 | |
| 12q24 | IFNG | interferon γ | [6] | S | 5 | 10 | — | 5p1.1–q1.1 | |
| 12q24.2 | TCF1 | transcription factor 1 | [8] | S | — | 5 | — | — | |
| 13q14.1–q14.2 | RB1 | retinoblastoma | 17 | S | 12 | 14 | — | — | |
| 14q11 | MYH6 | myosin, heavy 6 | 1 | S | — | 14 | — | — | |
| 14q11.2 | CHY | Chymase, mast cell | 1 | S | — | 11 | — | — | |
| 14q13.1 | NP | nucleoside phosphorylase | 1q26 | S,I | 10 | 14 | B3 | 7q2.1–q2.2 | |
| 14q32.1 | PI/AAT | protease inhibitor/AAT | 24q15 | L,I | 7 | 12 | — | 7q2.4–q2.6 | |
| 15q22–qter | MPI | mannose phosphate isomerase | 1 | S | 21 | 9 | B3 | 7 | |
| 15q22–qter | CYP1A2 | cytochrome P450, subf. I, polyp. 2 | 1 | S | — | 9 | — | — | |
| 15q25–q26 | IGF1R | insulin-1 growth factor 1 receptor | 1 | S | 21 | 7 | — | 1q1.7–q1.2 | |
| 15q26.1 | IDH2 | isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 | 1 | S | — | 7 | B3 | — | |
| 15q26.1 | FES | feline sarcoma virus homologue | 1 | S | 21 | 7 | B3 | — | |
| 16pter–p13.3 | HBA | hemoglobin A | 13q | I,L | — | 11 | — | — | |
| 16p24.3 | MC1R | melanocortin receptor | 3p12 | L,S,I | 18 | 8 | — | — | |
| 16q13–q22.1 | CES1 | carboxylesterase | 3 | L | — | 8 | — | — | |
| 16q21 | GOT2 | glutamate oxaloact. transam., mito | 3p15 | I,L | — | 8 | — | — | |
| 16q22.1 | HP | haptoglobin | 3 | L | 18 | 8 | — | — | |
| 17q11.2 | EVI2A | ecotropic viral integration site2A | 11 | S | — | 11 | — | — | |
| 17q11.2 | NF1 | neurofibromatosis 1 | 11 | S | 19 | 11 | — | — | |
| 17q21 | MYL4 | myosin, light chain 4 | 11 | S | 19 | 11 | |||
| 17q22–q24 | GH | growth hormone | 11 | S | 19 | 11 | — | 12p1.2–p1.5 | |
| 17q23.1–q25.3 | HYPP | hyperkalemic periodic paralysis | 11 | S | — | 11 | — | — | |
| 17q25 | P4HB | prolyl-4 hydroxylase β | 11 | S | 19 | 11 | — | — | |
| 18p11.32 | TS | thymidylate synthetase | [8] | S | 24 | 5 | — | — | |
| 19p13.3–p13.2 | C3 | complement component 3 | 7pter | I,S | — | 17 | — | 2p17–p14 | |
| 19cen–q13.2 | A1BG | β globulin, A1 | 10 | L | — | — | — | — | |
| 19q13.1 | GPI | glucose phosphate isomerase | 10pter | I | 18 | 7 | — | 6q12 | |
| 19q13 | CRC | calcium release channel | 10pter | I | 18 | — | — | 6q12 | |
| 19q13 | CKM | creatine kinase, muscle | 10 | S | – | 7 | — | — | |
| 20pterp12 | PRNP | prion protein | 22 | S | 13 | 2 | — | — | |
| 20q11.2 | GHRH | growth hormone releasing hormone | 22 | S | 13 | 2 | — | — | |
| 20q11.2 | ASP | agouti signaling protein | 22q15 | S,I | — | 2 | — | — | |
| 20q13.11 | ADA | adenosine deaminase | 22 | S | 13 | 2 | A3 | — | |
| 20q13.2 | GNAS1 | guanine nucleotide-binding protein | 22 | S | 13 | 2 | — | — | |
| 21q22.3 | MX1 | myxovirus resistance | 26q17 | I | 1 | 16 | — | 13 | |
| 21q22.3 | ETS2 | avian erythroblastosis virus onc. 2 | 26q17 | I,S | 1 | 16 | C2 | — | |
| 22q13.31–qter | ARSA | arylsulfatase A | [28] | S | — | 15 | — | — | |
| 22q13.1 | CYP2D | cytochrome P450, subfamily IID | [28] | S | 5 | 15 | — | — | |
| Xp11.21 | ALAS2 | anemia, hereditary sideroblastic | X | S | — | X | — | — | |
| Xq27.1–q27.2 | F9 | coagulation factor 9 | X | S | X | X | X | X | |
| Xq28 | G6PD | glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase | X | S | X | X | X | X | |
| Xq28 | BGN | biglycan | X | S | — | X | — | — | |
| Xq28 | F18 | factor 18 | Xq29 | S,I | — | — | — | — |
[i] Data retrieved from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (March 1999). Full references are available at http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/.
[ii] ECA assignment as in Shiue et al. (1999). In bold, physically assigned markers.
[iii] Method: (I) In situ hybridization; (L) linkage; (S) synteny. Full references available at http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/horse.
[iv] Data retrieved from Bovmap Database, INRA, Laboratoire de Génétique Biochimique et de Cytogénétique de Jouy-en-Josas (March 1999). Full references are available at http://locus.jouy.inra.fr/cgi-bin/bovmap/intro.pl. and The Cattle Mapping Database (ARKDB), Roslin Institute, UK (March 1999). Full references available at http://www.ri.bbsrc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/arkdb/browsers/browser.sh?species=cattle
[v] Data retrieved from Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) Resource, Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine (March 1999). Full references are available at http://www.informatics.jax.org/.
[vi] Data retrieved from O'brien et al. (1997b).
[vii] Data retrieved from PiGBASE, Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK (May 1998). Full references are available at http://www.ri.bbsrc.ac.uk/pigmap/pigbase/pigbase.html.