Markup | Genome Research

Table 3.

Most Common Modulators, cofactors, and prosthetic groups of E. coli enzymes and Their Frequencies

A. Modulators (activators and inhibitors)		B. Cofactors and prosthetic groups
Occurrence	Name of modulator	Activator	Inhibitor	Occurrence	Name of compound	Cofactor	Prosthetic group
35	Cu²⁺		•	145	Mg²⁺	•	•
32	ATP	•	•	48	pyridoxal 5′-phosphate	•	•
30	Zn²⁺	•	•	33	Mn²⁺	•
29	AMP	•	•	31	FAD	•	•
26	ADP	•	•	21	Fe²⁺	•	•
25	EDTA	•	•	18	Zn²⁺	•	•
23	p-chloromercuribenzoate		•	16	thiamine-pyrophosphate		•
23	pyrophosphate	•	•	11	FMN	•	•
22	K⁺	•	•	10	Co²⁺	•
22	phosphate	•	•	9	K⁺	•
20	Hg²⁺		•	6	Mo²⁺		•
20	Ca²⁺	•	•	5	NAD	•	•
19	N-ethylmaleimide	•	•	4	protoheme		•
16	NAD	•	•	4	Ni²⁺	•	•
16	iodoacetamide		•	4	Ca²⁺	•
16	coenzyme A		•	4	4Fe-4S center		•
15	Co²⁺	•	•	3	NH₄ ⁺	•
15	Mg²⁺	•	•	3	pyruvate		•
15	phosphoenolpyruvate	•	•	3	siroheme		•
14	Fe²⁺	•	•	3	cytochromec		•
14	GTP	•	•	2	heme C		•
14	pyruvate	•	•	2	B₁₂		•
13	p-hydroxymercuribenzoate		•	2	NADP	•
13	NADP		•	2	Cu²⁺		•
12	Mn²⁺	•	•	2	biotin		•
				2	Cd²⁺	•