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Table 2.

The Locations and Effects of QTL Affecting Winter Injuries in Two Successive Years (1996 and 1997) for Bivalent Tetraploid Alfalfa

Linkage group[ii]	Marker interval	Year	LR[iii]	Threshold	Additive effect	R ^2c	MarkerQTL Phase	p̂ [v]
1B	vg2b9p1–vg2g1p1	1996	6.31	12.74				0.4
		1997	15.25	12.62	4.50	8.4	A₃	0.1
5A	hg2b12p1–vg2a2p1	1996	10.01	10.25				0.6
		1997	16.68	16.58	−1.37	8.9	A₁/A₂	0.2
8A	ugac235p1–ugac291p1	1996	29.74	8.96	1.10	10.4	A₂	0.6
		1997	15.45	12.72	0.77	10.2	A₂	0.6
8B	ugac109p1–vg1b10p1	1996	20.20	21.15				0.6
		1997	34.33	26.64	1.63	12.8	A₂	0.6

[i] Significant QTL, as evidenced by larger log-likelihood ratios (LRs) than the thresholds calculated from 200 permutation tests, are indicated in boldface.

[ii] Linkage groups refer to Brouwer and Osborn (1999).

[iii] The LR between the full model (there is a QTL) and the reduced model (there is no QTL).

[iv] The proportion of the total phenotypic variance explained by the QTL detected.

[v] The preferential pairing factor (p) is estimated by a grid approach within its space. The estimates ofp are also given for nonsignificant QTL.