Table 2.

Distribution of Duplicated Genes in Fish Lineages

Gene family Actinopterygian lineage Hovergen family no.
Cypriniformes Percomorpha Salmoniformes Cyprinodontiformes Siluriformes Other Euteleostei Anguilliformes
α globin[ii] specific: 97specific: 70specific: 100 & 94nonoFAM000215
activin β bspecific: 82nonoFAM000307
apo AInonospecific: 100FAM001258
androgen receptor[iii] shared: 83specific: 100shared: 83FAM001375
shared: 83
aromataseshared: 89shared: 89shared: 89shared: 89FAM000502
CAD[iv] nononoFAM000951
cholecystokinin[iii] shared: 94shared: 94specific: 100FAM003983
shared: 94
complement C3specific: 100nonospecific: 100FAM000664
EF1-αnononoFAM000591
ependyminspecific: 100nospecific[v] nonoFAM000398
factor Bspecific: 100 & 100specific: 100noFAM001595
gonadotropin αspecific: 71nospecific: 83nononoFAM000012
gonadotropin βnonononononoFAM000013
GnRH[vi] nonononoFMA002205
GnRH II[vi] nononononoFAM002205
growth hormonespecific: 100nospecific: 100nononoFAM000014
HNF forkhean domainnononoFAM001266
HSC70/HSP70specific: 100nononoFAM000300
ins-like growth factor IInononoFAM000006
lactate dehydrogenase AnonononoFAM000364
lactate dehydrogenase BnononoFAM000364
Na/H exchangenonononoFAM000486
OTX–Pitspecific: 100nonoFAM001264
p53nonononoFAM001642
prolactinnonononoFAM000016
Rag-1nononononoFAM000556
somatolactinnospecific: 100nononoFAM000015
TGF β2nononoFAM000027
TSH βnononoFAM000013
trypsinogenespecific: 99specific: 100nospecific: 100[vii] FAM001232
tyrosinasenononoFAM000871
tyrosine hydroxylasenononoFAM000388
zona pelucida ZP2specific: 98shared: 77shared: 77shared: 77noFAM001134
Number of gene families292826149814
Specific duplications[viii](%)34.510.734.67.10.012.50.0
Total duplications[ix](%)41.425.038.521.411.112.57.1

[i] For each lineage in which a gene family has been characterized, the evidence for duplications is shown as follows: (Specific) evidence for a gene duplication specifically in this lineage, followed by bootstrap support; (shared) evidence for a gene duplication shared with at least one other lineage, followed by bootstrap support; (no) that there is no evidence for a gene duplication. When there are two independent gene duplications for the same gene family and the same lineage, both bootstrap supports are reported. Bootstrap support is the proportion of 2000 bootstrap replicates recovering the branch, using Neighbor-Joining with Poisson corrected distances, although other methods were also used (see text).

[ii] There may also be a duplication of a globin ancestral to all fish lineages sampled, but phylogenetic evidence is not conclusive.

[iii] For these gene families, there is both a duplication shared between lineages, and more recently a specific duplication in some of those lineages.

[iv] Carbamyl phosphate synthase.

[v] Neighbor-Joining is not conclusive whether the duplication is shared with esociformes, but Maximum Likelihood supports a salmoniforme-specific duplication.

[vi] Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

[vii] Specific to Gadiformes.

[viii] Number of gene families with at least one duplication specific of the lineage, divided by the number of gene families sampled for the lineage.

[ix] Number of gene families with at least one duplication, specific or shared, divided by the number of gene families sampled for the lineage.