Table 2.

List of All Known E. coli Metabolic Pathways as Described by EcoCyc

(Deoxy)ribose phosphate metabolism
3-Phenylpropionate and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate degradation
4-Aminobutyrate degradation
Aerobic electron transfer
Aerobic respiration, electron donors reaction list
Alanine biosynthesis
Anaerobic electron transfer
Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration, electron acceptors reaction list
Anaerobic respiration, electron donors reaction list

Arginine biosynthesis
Asparagine biosynthesis and degradation
Aspartate biosynthesis and degradation

Betaine biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of proto- and siroheme

Biotin biosynthesis
Carnitine metabolism
Carnitine metabolism, CoA-linked
Cobalamin biosynthesis
Colanic acid biosynthesis
Cyanate catabolism
Cysteine biosynthesis
d-arabinose catabolism

d-galactarate catabolism

d-galacturonate catabolism

d-glucarate catabolism
d-glucuronate catabolism
Degradation of short-chain fatty acids

Deoxypyrimidine nucleotide/side metabolism

Deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
dTDP–rhamnose biosynthesis
Enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis

Enterobactin synthesis
Entner–Doudoroff pathway

Fatty acid biosynthesis, initial steps
Fatty acid elongation, saturated
Fatty acid elongation, unsaturated

Fatty acid oxidation pathway
Fermentation
Folic acid biosynthesis
FormylTHF biosynthesis
Fucose catabolism

Galactitol catabolism
Galactonate catabolism

Galactose metabolism
Galactose, galactoside and glucose catabolism
Gluconeogenesis
Glucosamine catabolism

Glucose 1-phosphate metabolism
Glutamate biosynthesis

Glutamate utilization
Glutamine biosynthesis
Glutamine utilization
Glutathione biosynthesis

Glutathione-glutaredoxin redox reactions
Glycerol metabolism
Glycine biosynthesis
Glycine cleavage

Glycogen biosynthesis
Glycogen catabolism
Glycolate metabolism
Glycolysis
Glyoxylate cycle
Glyoxylate degradation
Histidine biosynthesis
Histidine degradationIsoleucine biosynthesis

KDO biosynthesis

l-alanine degradation

l-arabinose catabolism

l-cysteine catabolism

l-lyxose metabolism

l-serine degradation

Lactose degradation

Leucine biosynthesis

Lipid A precursor biosynthesis

Lysine and diaminopimelate biosynthesis

Mannitol degradation

Mannose and GDP-mannose metabolism

Mannose catabolism

Menaquinone biosynthesis

Methionine biosynthesis

Methyl-donor molecule biosynthesis

Methylglyoxal metabolism

NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation

Nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway

Nucleotide metabolism

O-antigen biosynthesis

Oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway

Pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis

Peptidoglycan biosynthesis

Phenylalanine biosynthesis

Phenylethylamine degradation

Phosphatidic acid synthesis

Phospholipid biosynthesis

Polyamine biosynthesis

Polyisoprenoid biosynthesis

ppGpp metabolism

Proline biosynthesis

Proline utilization

Propionate metabolism, methylmalonyl pathway

Purine biosynthesis

Pyridine nucleotide cycling

Pyridine nucleotide synthesis

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate biosynthesis

Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate salvage pathway

Pyrimidine biosynthesis

Pyrimidine ribonucleotide/ribonucleoside metabolism

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Pyruvate oxidation pathway

Removal of superoxide radicals

Rhamnose catabolism

Riboflavin, FMN and FAD biosynthesis

Ribose catabolism

Serine biosynthesis

Sorbitol degradation

Sulfate assimilation pathway

TCA cycle, aerobic respiration

Thiamine biosynthesis

Thioredoxin pathway

Threonine biosynthesis

Threonine catabolism

Trehalose biosynthesis

Trehalose degradation, low osmolarity

Tryptophan biosynthesis

Tryptophan utilization

Tyrosine biosynthesis

Ubiquinone biosynthesis

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis

Valine biosynthesis

Xylose catabolism

[i] The reactions and enzymes within each pathway can be determined using the EcoCyc WWW server that is available athttp://ecocyc.DoubleTwist.com/ecocyc/.