[i] Chromosomes X, Y, M, and UN were not included.

[ii] ^aAdenomas (T1, T4, and T6) are early-stage tumors, with T1 being more advanced than T4 and T6 and exhibiting a weak MSI phenotype. Adenocarcinomas (T3 and T8–T11) are late-stage tumors. Both adenomas and adenocarcinomas originated from colon epithelial cells. A metastatic mast cell tumor (T5) is a late-stage tumor originated from mast cells, and leiomyosarcoma (T7) is a late-stage tumor originated from smooth muscle cells.