[i] χ² test: χ² = 20.6, df = 2, P = 3 × 10⁻⁵.

[ii] ^aAutosome to X chromosome duplicates.

[iii] ^bX chromosome to autosome duplicates.

[iv] ^cInterautosomal duplicates.

[v] ^dAcross genes with unique probes, we show the number of male-biased and non-male-biased gene numbers in parentheses.

[vi] ^eTwo genes lack specific probes.

[vii] ^fWe calculated expectation numbers according to Vibranovski et al. (2009b).