[i] We performed coalescent simulations of neutral sites linked to selected sites and tested whether various statistics summarizing polymorphism at these sites were affected by selection. Three modes of selection were considered (s_E = selection in Europe only after the Europe–Africa split, 3500 generations; s_A = selection in Africa only after the Europe–Africa split, 3500 generations; s_EA = prolonged selection both continents, 17,000 generations), at four selection coefficients (0, 0.5%, 1%, or 2%), with two levels of recombination (R = 0 or 20). “Sites” indicates the number of linked neutral sites analyzed for each simulation in Europe (E) and Africa (A). The polymorphism statistics π_E, π_A, Tajima's D_E, and Tajima's D_A are discussed in the text. “F_ST = 1 (percent)” indicates the percentage of linked neutral sites fixed for different variants between continents. All statistics were significantly different for at least some parameter combinations between sites linked to selected sites and sites linked to neutral sites.

[ii] *Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05.

[iii] **Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.001.

[iv] ***Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.0001.