Prototype Integrated DNA Analysis Devices
| Sample preparation | Biochemical reactions | Detection | Fabrication methods for device | References |
| RNA purification from 1 mL of serum samples spiked with different copy numbers of an RNA transcript that contained a partial HIV sequence | Reverse transcription-PCR, nested PCR, DNase fragmentation and dephosphorylation, and terminal transferase labeling | GeneChip hybridization | conventional computer-controlled (CNC) machining | Anderson et al. 2000 |
| N/A | strand displacement amplification using on-device heater to provide thermal heating | electrophoresis | standard microfabrication techniques | Burns et al. 1998 |
| N/A | multiplex PCR using commercial thermal cycler to provide thermal cycling | electrophoresis | standard microfabrication techniques | Waters et al. 1998 |
| N/A | PCR using on-device heater to provide thermal cycling | electrophoresis | standard microfabrication techniques | Woolley et al. 1998 |
| White blood cells isolation form <3 μL of human whole blood | PCR using on-device heater-cooler to provide thermal cycling | N/A | conventional CNC machining (standard microfabrication techniques for microchips) | Plexiglas microchip module (Figure 1A, B) |