Table 1.

Phyletic Distribution and Conserved Domains in Components of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation System

Protein/GI number[i] Phyletic distribution[ii] Domain organization[iii] Structural class of conserved domain Comments
eIF1 (SUI1) 4240113EAB [Bacteria = Ec, Hi, Ssp]Sui1 domainα + β Probably horizontally transferred into bacteria
eIF1A (eIF4C) 626955EABOB-fold domainβBacterial IF1 ortholog
IF2 (eIF5B) 1723187EABMultidomain GTPaseα + βOrtholog of bacterial IF2, appears to be necessary for joining of the 2 ribosomal subunits in both eukaryotes and bacteria
eIF2α 124203EAS1 RNA-binding domainβ
eIF2β 4503505EAZinc ribbonβA similar Zn-ribbon found in eIF5
eIF2γ 3790165EA(B)GTPase (Zn-ribbon insertion)α + βThe most similar bacterial homologs are elongation factors SelB/EF-TU
eIF2Bα 2494303 eIF2Bβ 2661031 eIF2Bδ 417036EAB [Bacteria = Ssp, Bs, Tma, Rhoru]α-helical DEF domain for the eIF2 GTPaseαProbably horizontally transferred into bacteria
eIF2Bγ 2506383E(AB)Nucleotidyltransferase + I-patch repeatsα + βSeveral bacteria encode homologous proteins that are unlikely to function in translation
eIF2Bɛ 2408098E(AB)Nucleotidyltransferase + I-patch repeats + W2α + β and αSeveral bacteria encode homologous proteins that are unlikely to function in translation
eIF2C 3253159EAB [Bacteria = Aae]Argonaute homologα + βApparent horizontal transfer from archaea to Aquifex. Expansion of this family in C. elegans
eIF3-p39 (TIF34p) 6323795EWD40-β-propellerβProbable mRNA-binding subunit
eIF3-p40 2351380E(AB)JAB/PAD domainα + βRelated to/part of the signalosome complex
eIF3-p44 (TIF35p) 6320637EC-terminal RRMα + β
eIF3-p47 2055431E(AB)JAB/PAD domainα + βRelated to/part of the signalosome complex. Missing in S. cerevisiae
eIF3-p48 2351382EPINT domainαRelated to/part of the signalosome complex. Missing in S. cerevisiae
eIF3-p66 2351378E??Related to/part of the signalosome complex. Missing in S. cerevisiae
eIF3-p110 (NIP1) 1718197EPINT domainαRelated to/part of the signalosome complex
eIF3-p116 (PRT1p) 3123230ERRM + β-propellerα + β and βProbable mRNA-binding subunit
eIF3-p150E?α
eIF3-p162 (TIF32p) 2580607E?α
eIF4A 6322912E(AB)Superfamily II helicase α + β
eIF4B 464817ETwo RRM domainsα + β
eIF4E 1352435EUnique α/β foldα + β25 kD subunit of eIF4F
eIF4G 3941724ENIC domain NIC + MI NIC + MI + W2αOther domains added to the NIC domain in certain eukaryotic lineages. 150kD subunit of eIF4F
eIF4H 2914759ERRMα + βClosely related to eIF2B, appears to be vertebrate-specfic
eIF5 1708419EZn ribbon + W2β and αThe Zn-ribbon is closely related to the ribbon

in eIF2 β subunit. A related ribbon is seen in Archaea as a stand-alone protein
eIF5A (eIF4D) 124229EABOB fold proteinβThe bacterial ortholog is EF-P. Eukaryotic eIF5A contains a lysine to hypusine modification that is necessary for function.
eIF6 6325273EADuplication of a unique domain?

[i] For each factor, a Gene Identification (GI) number of a representative eukaryotic sequence is given to ensure unambiguous identification in databases

[ii] E—eukaryotes, A—archaea, B—bacteria. In cases when bacteria and/or archaea encoded homologs of the respective eukaryotic factor that do not seem to be true orthologs, B and/or A is indicated in parentheses. When the distribution of the orthologs of the respective eukaryotic factor in bacteria is sporadic, the species encoding it are indicated in square brackets. Species abbreviations: Aae—Aquifex aeolicus, BS—Bacillus subtilis,Ec—Escherichia coli, Hi—Haemophilus influenzae,Rhoru—Rhospirillum rubrum, Ssp—Synechocystis sp, Tma—Thermotoga maritima.

[iii] A question mark indicates absence of distinct, recognizable domains.