Human-duplicated genes are differentially expressed. The highest-expressed paralogs in each gene family (top point per column and inset violin plots) are more likely to be syntenic with chimpanzee (blue) and more likely to be protein coding (circle). Comparisons were performed with transcriptomic data from GM12878 lymphoblastoid (top) and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (bottom) sequenced with short-read Illumina (left) and long-read PacBio Kinnex (right) reads. Gene families are represented on the x-axis, and transcript abundance on the y-axis (transcripts per million [TPM], TS [total transcript]). Gene family expression is ordered from highest (left) to lowest (right) with high-confidence human-specific duplications, which are the focus of the remainder of the study, numbered and demarcated with a vertical line. The corresponding number followed by the name of the highest-expressed paralog of these priority gene families is shown below the plot and colored to indicate syntenic status: likely ancestral (blue) or nonsyntenic, likely derived (red).