[i] Matched petrous-ossicle samples refers to cases in which we collected one petrous and one ossicle type per individual (except for a single case, Ind078, for which we generated libraries for both malleus and incus from the same skeleton). Unmatched samples refers to cases in which an individual was represented by either a petrous- or ossicle-derived library. (P) Petrous, (S) stapes, (M) malleus, (I) incus, and (UIO) unidentified ossicle. The unidentified category includes ossicles in which the type had not been recorded or ossicles that were fragmented so that morphological identification was not possible. The table does not include five tooth-derived and three matched petrous-derived libraries used in microbial comparisons (two of the tooth-derived libraries have matched petrous and ossicle samples represented in the table). For details of the libraries, see Supplemental Table S1.