Table 2.

Characteristics of the resolved breakpoint junctions (BPJs) of marker and ring chromosomes, with coordinates mapped to the T2T-CHM13v2.0 genome build

Case IDsSMCBPJChrPosAPosBSegment posA–posBPosA: genesPosB: genesPosA: repeatPosA: segmental duplicationPosB: segmental duplicationPosB:

repeat
Microhomology (bp)Insertion (bp)Mechanism
RD_P276r(5)1Chr 537,676,10343,290,183A–BWDR70, intron 5AC025171.1, intron 2LTR:MLT1H2——Cent.3—MMEJ
2Chr 532,320,80949,497,791aA–B——LTR:MLT1F2——Cent.3—
RD_P278r(7)1Chr 759,987,27472,094,570A–B——Cent.Yes—AluSx1—20 NTMMBIR
2Chr 759,978,28159,987,351A–B––Cent.YesYesCent.3—
RD_P273r(8)1Chr 850,587,59577,860,383A–BSNTG1AC062004.1L1P1———2—MMEJ
2Chr 846,120,188a51,426,338A–B——Cent.————4 (templated)
RD_P272r(9)1Chr 930,592,55731,057,050B–C—————L2c, L2a—28 NTMMBIR
2Chr 928,144,04331,568,556A–CLINGO2, intron3—L2d2——L1P1—224 NT
3Chr 929,574,52491,174,804A–F——AluSx1———3—
4Chr 939,306,74791,060,755D–F——AluYk2, SatelliteYes—MIRc——
5Chr 932,076,51244,448,128D–E—ANKRD20A7P (pseudogene)L1PB3—YesCent.—100 NT
RD_P166r(13)1Chr 1311,452,84056,358,138A–C—PRR20C, intron 1Cent.YesYes——42 (templated)MMBIR
2Chr 1329,045,86784,773,620B–CUBL3, intron 1LINC00351, intron 1AluSp—————
RD_P550r(14)1Chr 149,208,60416,434,843A–A—AC244502.1, TRACent.Yes—Cent., LTR/ERV12—MMEJ
RD_P275r(20)1Chr 204,979,43459,369,410A–CSLC23A2, intron 2LOC102724968———L2—205 (templated)MMBIR
2Chr 2024,892,35565,776,662B–C—UCKL1, intron 1Cent.———7b2b
3Chr 203,306,02042,368,945A–BDNAAF9/C20orf194/MSTRG—————4—
RD_P328der(7)t(X;7;5)1Chr 7-Chr 5Chr 7: 43,886,314Chr 5: 177,119,928A–BCOA1, intron 1CDHR2, exon 9L1MB8, AluYk2—————MMEJ
2Chr X-Chr7Chr X: 14,614,119Chr 7: 75,313,264C–A—LIMK1, intron 10Simple repeats (AAAT)——AluJb3—
RD_P586der(X)1Chr X103,977,823145,148,123F–JIL1RAPL2, intron 6—L2d, L1M4a1——L1MA11—MMBIR
2Chr X89,566,57289,651,697F–E——L1ME1—YesL1ME3, ERVL-MaLR——
3Chr X66,181,02884,675,390B–E—DACH2, intron 1L1ME3B———2—
4Chr X58,080,09866,184,481A–BNA—NA——LINE/L2a2—
5Chr X74,310,915144,750,571A–H——L1PA7, MLT2D, L1MEc——L1MA2, ERVL-MaLR—1
6Chr X83,792,179141,176,418D–HPOF1B, intron 3–L1PREC2————37 NT (L1)
7Chr X75,059,48683,829,717C–D——L1PBa——L1MEd, L1MA1—29 NT
8Chr X83,190,23391,038,187D–GTEX16P (pseudogene)PCDH11X, intron 5——Yes——41 NT
9Chr X91,089,607144,762,724G–I——L1MB7, L1PBb, L1PA13Yes—LTR16B1—33 NT

[i] (Chr) Chromosome; (Pos) position; (bp) base pairs; (NT) nontemplated; (NA) not applicable; (MMBIR) microhomology-mediated break-induced replication; (MMEJ) microhomology-mediated end joining.

[ii] Positions marked in bold indicate the breakpoint in sequence is not present in GRCh38 (Bilgrav Saether et al. 2024). The size of each segment is available in Supplemental Table S2.

[iii] aAmbiguous position.

[iv] bComplex mechanism.