Performance evaluations on the causality prediction. (A) Performance comparisons of PRISM-GRN with the supervised methods, Grace and GeneLink, on the benchmark data sets, using comprehensive metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1, AUROC, and AUPRC. (B) The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and precision-recall (PRC) curves for each class on the A549 data set, illustrating the detailed performance of PRISM-GRN and the baselines in causality prediction.