Protein 3D structure improving prediction accuracy compared to protein sequence. (A) Variance partitioning in different genomic models for 32 traits. Sequences were aligned using MAFFT. Likelihood values are listed in Supplemental Table S5. (B) Comparison of prediction accuracy between sequence-based PWP and structure-based PWP. (C) Comparison of prediction accuracy between sequence-based PWP and sequence-based plus structure-based PWP. Dots represent the mean values of 25 leave-one-family-out repeats, and error bars indicate their standard errors.