The volcano plot for each method using the same MAST model (cluster only). Using the comparison as in Figure 3, differentially expressed genes when comparing B cells and CD8⁺ T cells, for the PBMC3K data. The genes have been colored depending on if they are upregulated or downregulated. The horizontal dashed line is the Bonferroni-adjusted P-value cutoff at 0.05 level of significance. The vertical dashed lines signify a log₂ fold change of 0.6. The genes above the horizontal dashed line and to the right or left of the vertical dashed line are marked as up- or downregulated. Gray points are genes that are not deemed significant or expressed differentially. Genes are only included if a valid result was returned by the MAST model. For the up- or downregulated points in each figure, there are arrows drawn from the point where a particular gene lands on the plot in the uncorrected data and ends at the point where the gene is in the corrected data. An optimal batch correction would have very short lines between points, indicating a low degree of change.