Demographic and clinicopathological findings in NTD cases and mothers
| Characteristics | Groups | Number (n) |
|---|---|---|
| NTD | Isolated | 74 |
| Complex | 30 | |
| NTD type | Anencephaly | 43 |
| Spina bifida | 45 | |
| Encephalocele | 6 | |
| Craniorachischisis | 10 | |
| Ethnicity | Caucasian | 69 |
| African American | 19 | |
| Hispanic | 6 | |
| Maternal age | Mean ± SD (years) | 26 ± 6 (range 14–41) |
| Maternal diabetes | Yes | 2 |
| No | 88 | |
| Maternal obesity | Yes | 10 |
| No | 79 | |
| Folic acid supplementation | Yes | 15 |
| No | 45 |
[i] Information not available: Ethnicity (n = 10), maternal age (n = 3), maternal diabetes (n = 14), maternal obesity (n = 15), and folic acid supplementation (n = 44).