Table 1.

List of diagnostic findings

Case IDNTD typeVariantNomenclatureGene(s)Region(s)Size (bp)Variant confirmationInheritanceEvidence (literature/internal database)Evidence for association with NTDs
1AnencephalyTrisomyogm[GRCh38] 18(p11.32q23)(1–80,373,285) × 3_Whole Chromosome 18_Karyotypede novoDean et al. (2020)S
2Spina bifidaTrisomyogm[GRCh38] 18(p11.32q23)(1–80,373,285) × 3_Whole Chromosome 18_Karyotypede novoS
3Spina bifidaTrisomyogm[GRCh38] 18(p11.32q23)(1–80,373,285) × 3_Whole Chromosome 18_Karyotypede novoS
4Spina bifidaTrisomyogm[GRCh38] 18(p11.32q23)(1–80,373,285) × 3_Whole Chromosome 18_Karyotypede novoS
5AnencephalyUnbalanced translocationogm[GRCh38]

t(10;13)(p15.2;q22.2)(3,519,095;75,729,511),

13q22.2q34(75,729,511_114,352,102) × 1, 10p15.3p15.2(18,514_3,463,629) × 3
_Partial loss of Chr 13 and gain of Chr 1038,622,592 (Chr 13), 3,445,116 (Chr 10)Karyotype, CMAPaternal (balanced carrier)Lou et al. (2000); Lurie et al. (2016)S
6Spina bifidaDeletionogm[GRCh38]

15q24.1q24.2(72,656,367_75,788,985) × 1
_Partial loss of Chr 153,120,511CMAde novoEl-Hattab et al. (2009)S
7AnencephalyDeletionogm[GRCh38]

1q23.2(160,457,896_160,469,769) × 1mat
VANGL2Promoter3042qPCRMaternalMIM# 182940S
8Anencephaly and cervical rachischisis (OS-CS)Deletionogm[GRCh38]

Xq11.2(64,180,374_64,197,924) × 1
AMER1Exon 27665X-ArrayMaternal (affected with OS-CS)MIM# 300373; Winter et al. (1980)S

[i] (S) Strong, (OS-CS) osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis.