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Table 2.

SF-Relate scales efficiently to large data sets

Data set	SF-Relate								All-pairwise
	Runtime				Communication				Runtime (estimated total)	Comm. (estimated total)
	Step 1	Step 2 (MHE)		Total	Step 1	Step 2 (MHE)		Total
	Step 1	Phase 1	Phase 2	Total	Step 1	Phase 1	Phase 2	Total
UKB-200K	1.8 min	14.0 h	0.5 h	14.5 h	—	46.6 TB	0.5 GB	46.6 TB	1.3 years	32.5 PB
UKB-100K	49.5 sec	7.05 h	0.23 h	7.29 h	—	23.85 TB	241.7 MB	23.85 TB	112 days	9.8 PB
AoU-20K	18.6 sec	5.65 h	0.11 h	5.79 h	—	6.2 TB	77.6 MB	6.2 TB	18.8 days	2.31 PB

[i] We report the runtime and communication costs for individual steps of SF-Relate described in Methods. The runtime and communication costs for setting up the cryptographic keys are 40.4 sec and 1.7 GB, respectively, constant across all experiments. We also show the estimated total costs of running all-pairwise comparisons and determining the closest relationship for each individual using MHE.