FDR and power simulation with true cell type fractions. (A–C) FDR as a function of effect size in DEGs (A), the sample size (B), and the number of cell types (C). (D–F) Power as a function of effect size (D) in DEGs, the sample size (E), and the number of cell types (F). bMIND_np represents a version of bMIND with non-informative prior. bMIND uses true mean hyperparameters but large variance hyperparameters (10³× true variances). If not specified, the total sample size is 200 and number of cell types is three. The average effect size is 4.2 for B and E and 5.9 for C and F. All simulation scenarios are replicated 10 times.