An overview of central metabolism and solute transport in T. kodakaraensis. Components or pathways for which no predictable enzymes were found are represented in red. Each gene product with a predicted function in ion or solute transport is illustrated on the membrane. The transporters and permeases are grouped by substrate specificity, as (violet) cations, (green) anions, (yellow) carbohydrates/carboxylates/amino acids, and (gray) unknown. (A) Glycolysis (modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway). (B) Pyruvate degradation. (C) Amino acid degradation. (D) Sulfur reduction. (E) Hydrogen evolution and formation of proton-motive force, coupled with ATP generation. (DHAP) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; (E-4-P) erythrose 4-phosphate; (F-1,6-BP) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; (G-3-P) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; (G-6-P) glucose 6-phosphate; (OAA) oxaloacetate; (2OG) 2-oxoglutarate; (PEP) phosphoenolpyruvate; (3-PG) 3-phosphoglycerate; (PRPP) 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate; (R-5-P) ribose 5-phosphate; (Ribu-1,5-BP) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate; (ACS) acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming); (AlaAT) alanine aminotransferase; (Fbp) fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase; (FDH) formate dehydrogenase; (FNOR) ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase; (Gdh) glutamate dehydrogenase; (IOR) indolepyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; (KOR) 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; (PflDA) pyruvate formate lyase and its activating enzyme; (Oad) oxaloacetate decarboxylase; (Pck) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; (POR) pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; (Pps) phosphoenolpyruvate synthase; (Pyk) pyruvate kinase; (VOR) 2-oxoisovalerate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; (AppABCDF) ABC-type dipeptide/oligopeptide transporter; (CbiMOQ) ABC-type Co²⁺ transporter; (CorA) Mg²⁺/Co²⁺ transporter; (CysAT) ABC-type sulfate transporter; (EriC) voltage-gated Cl^- channel protein; (FbpABC) ABC-type Fe³⁺ transporter; (FeoAB) Fe²⁺ transporter; (FepBCD) ABC-type Fe³⁺-siderophore transporter; (GltT) H⁺/glutamate symporter; (Kch) Ca²⁺-gated K⁺ channel protein; (MalEFGK) ABC-type maltodextrin transporter; (MnhB-G) multisubunit Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter; (ModABC) ABC-type Mo²⁺ transporter; (NapA and NhaC) Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter; (NatAB) ABC-type Na⁺ efflux pump; (PitA) Na⁺/phosphate symporter; (PstABCS) ABC-type phosphate transporter; (PutP) Na⁺/proline symporter; (SnatA) small neutral amino acid transporter; (TrkAH) Trk-type K⁺ transporter; (ZnuABC) ABC-type Mn²⁺/Zn²⁺ transporter; (ZupT) heavymetal cation transporter.