EST allele frequencies versus allele frequencies in different ethnic groups. Allele frequencies for 2678 SNPs genotyped in all HapMap populations (x-axis) were compared to EST allele-counting derived allele frequencies (y-axis). The Caucasian allele (CEU, top left graph) frequencies show relatively good concordance with those observed in the ESTs. The African allele frequencies (YRI, top right) deviate most from the EST-derived frequencies, whereas the allele frequencies in Asian populations (HCB and JPT, bottom left and right, respectively) show similar—but significantly lower—concordance with allele frequencies observed in ESTs as compared to the comparisons of ESTs versus Caucasian allele frequencies.