Maximum precursor and amino acid production in S. cerevisiaeand E. coli including nongrowth-specific ATP maintenance (A,B) (in mole/mole glucose). (3PG) 3-Phospho glycerate; (ACCOA) acetyl-CoA; (AKG) 2-Oxoglutarate; (ALA) alanine; (ARG) arginine; (ASN) asparagine; (ASP) aspartate; (CYS) cysteine; (E4P) eErythrose 4 -phosphate; (F6P) fructose 6-phosphate; (G6P) glucose 6-phosphate; (GLN) glutamine; (GLU) glutamate; (GLY) glycine; (HIS) histidine; (ILE) isoleucine; (LEU) leucine; (LYS) lysine; (MET) methionine; (OA) oxaloacetate; (PEP) phosphoenolpyruvate; (PHE) phenylalanine; (PRO) pProline; (PYR) pyruvate; (R5P) ribose 5-phosphate; (SER) serine; (SUCCOA) succinyl-CoA; (T3P1) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; (THR) threonine; (TRP) tryptophane; (TYR) tyrosine; (VAL) valine.