(A) Layout of the electrophoretic microdevice used in this study (not drawn to scale). The separation distance from injector to detector is 11.5 cm. The three short side channels are 0.5 cm long, 40 μm deep, and 90 μm wide. (B) Schematic of the injection port in load, inject, and run modes. (+, −) The polarity of the electric fields; (→) the direction of DNA movement; the dark regions indicate DNA.