Y-derived genes in the genomes of E. lutescens and E. talpinus. (A) Y-derived ancestral and added genes identified in the genomes of E. lutescens and E. talpinus. (mc) Multicopy; (ps) pseudo gene. (B) Schematic representation of the mouse Y Chromosome. Genes indicated in pink are present in the E. lutescens genome. (C) The expression level of Y-Chromosomal genes and their X-Chromosomal homologs in testis of E. lutescens based on RNA sequencing data. E. lutescens testis RNA was assembled and annotated using mouse cDNA, and transcript abundance was quantified and plotted using the mouse chromosomal map. Low expressed genes (genes below the 25th percentile of the data) were removed before plotting. (FPKM) Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped. (D) Real-time quantitative RT-PCR on RNA isolated from ovary (Ov), testes (T), and female and male liver (Li F and Li M, respectively) for the E. lutescens homologs of mouse Eif2s3x and Eif2s3y (top graph), Zfx and Zfy (second from top), Usp9x and Usp9y (third from top), and Ssty (bottom graph). mRNA expression levels are normalized to beta actin; error bars, SD values from two separate animals.