Mitochondrial contribution to variability in translation. Mitochondrial contribution to variability in translation factors. (A) Yellow bars are elongation translation factors. (B) Heterogeneity in ribosomes and ribosome apparatus synthesis. YOYO-1 stain is specific for double-stranded RNA, which is almost exclusive of ribosomes. UBTF evidences ribosome biosynthesis, and NCL and NPM1 are involved in ribosome maturation. (C) Variability induced by mitochondria in protein synthesis: (red bars) nascent protein as measured by the precursor AHA, and activated protein synthesis, P-RPS6.