Combined near-vs-far and functional-vs-nonfunctional tests. Clouds of small dots represent the ratios π_near/π_far and π_func/π_non-func obtained with the randomization test. The larger dot in each graph represents the observed π_near/π_far and π_func/π_non-func. The numerical values at the lower right of each graph are the P-values obtained after 10,000 iterations of the randomization test. The P-values are estimated as the proportion of the randomizations that give values below the observed value in both tests.