1. Metabolism
1.0 Global and overview maps
01100Metabolic pathways01110Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites01120Microbial metabolism in diverse environments01200Carbon metabolism012102-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism01212Fatty acid metabolism01230Biosynthesis of amino acids01220Degradation of aromatic compounds
1.1 Carbohydrate metabolism
00010Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis00020Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)00030Pentose phosphate pathway00040Pentose and glucuronate interconversions00051Fructose and mannose metabolism00052Galactose metabolism00053Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism00500Starch and sucrose metabolism00520Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism00620Pyruvate metabolism00630Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism00640Propanoate metabolism00650Butanoate metabolism00660C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism00562Inositol phosphate metabolism
1.2 Energy metabolism
00190Oxidative phosphorylation00195Photosynthesis00196Photosynthesis - antenna proteins00710Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms00720Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes00680Methane metabolism00910Nitrogen metabolism00920Sulfur metabolism
1.3 Lipid metabolism
00061Fatty acid biosynthesis00062Fatty acid elongation00071Fatty acid degradation00072Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies00073Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis00100Steroid biosynthesis00120Primary bile acid biosynthesis00121Secondary bile acid biosynthesis00140Steroid hormone biosynthesis00561Glycerolipid metabolism00564Glycerophospholipid metabolism00565Ether lipid metabolism00600Sphingolipid metabolism00590Arachidonic acid metabolism00591Linoleic acid metabolism00592alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism01040Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids
1.4 Nucleotide metabolism
00230Purine metabolism00240Pyrimidine metabolism
1.5 Amino acid metabolism
00250Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism00260Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism00270Cysteine and methionine metabolism00280Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation00290Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis00300Lysine biosynthesis00310Lysine degradation00220Arginine biosynthesis00330Arginine and proline metabolism00340Histidine metabolism00350Tyrosine metabolism00360Phenylalanine metabolism00380Tryptophan metabolism00400Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
1.6 Metabolism of other amino acids
00410beta-Alanine metabolism00430Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism00440Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism00450Selenocompound metabolism00460Cyanoamino acid metabolism00471D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism00472D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism00473D-Alanine metabolism00480Glutathione metabolism
1.7 Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
00510N-Glycan biosynthesis00513Various types of N-glycan biosynthesis00512Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis00515Mannose type O-glycan biosynthesis00514Other types of O-glycan biosynthesis00532Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - chondroitin sulfate / dermatan sulfate00534Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - heparan sulfate / heparin00533Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - keratan sulfate00531Glycosaminoglycan degradation00563Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis00601Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - lacto and neolacto series00603Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globo and isoglobo series00604Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglio series00540Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis00550Peptidoglycan biosynthesis00511Other glycan degradation00571Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) biosynthesis00572Arabinogalactan biosynthesis - Mycobacterium
1.8 Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
00730Thiamine metabolism00740Riboflavin metabolism00750Vitamin B6 metabolism00760Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism00770Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis00780Biotin metabolism00785Lipoic acid metabolism00790Folate biosynthesis00670One carbon pool by folate00830Retinol metabolism00860Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism00130Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
1.9 Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
00900Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis00902Monoterpenoid biosynthesis00909Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis00904Diterpenoid biosynthesis00906Carotenoid biosynthesis00905Brassinosteroid biosynthesis00981Insect hormone biosynthesis00908Zeatin biosynthesis00903Limonene and pinene degradation00281Geraniol degradation01052Type I polyketide structures00522Biosynthesis of 12-, 14- and 16-membered macrolides01051Biosynthesis of ansamycins01059Biosynthesis of enediyne antibiotics01056Biosynthesis of type II polyketide backbone01057Biosynthesis of type II polyketide products00253Tetracycline biosynthesis00523Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis01054Nonribosomal peptide structures01053Biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides01055Biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics
1.10 Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites
00940Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis00945Stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis00941Flavonoid biosynthesis00944Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis00942Anthocyanin biosynthesis00943Isoflavonoid biosynthesis00901Indole alkaloid biosynthesis00403Indole diterpene alkaloid biosynthesis00950Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis00960Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis01058Acridone alkaloid biosynthesis00232Caffeine metabolism00965Betalain biosynthesis00966Glucosinolate biosynthesis00402Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis00311Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis00332Carbapenem biosynthesis00261Monobactam biosynthesis00331Clavulanic acid biosynthesis00521Streptomycin biosynthesis00524Neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis00525Acarbose and validamycin biosynthesis00401Novobiocin biosynthesis00404Staurosporine biosynthesis00405Phenazine biosynthesis00333Prodigiosin biosynthesis00254Aflatoxin biosynthesis00999Biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites - part 1 Major update!00998Biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites - part 2 Major update!00997Biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites - part 3 New!
1.11 Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism
00362Benzoate degradation00627Aminobenzoate degradation00364Fluorobenzoate degradation00625Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation00361Chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation00623Toluene degradation00622Xylene degradation00633Nitrotoluene degradation00642Ethylbenzene degradation00643Styrene degradation00791Atrazine degradation00930Caprolactam degradation00363Bisphenol degradation00621Dioxin degradation00626Naphthalene degradation00624Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation00365Furfural degradation00984Steroid degradation00980Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P45000982Drug metabolism - cytochrome P45000983Drug metabolism - other enzymes
1.12 Chemical structure transformation maps
01010Overview of biosynthetic pathways01060Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites01061Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids01062Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids01063Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway01064Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine and nicotinic acid01065Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine01066Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from terpenoid and polyketide01070Biosynthesis of plant hormones
2. Genetic Information Processing
2.1 Transcription
03020RNA polymerase03022Basal transcription factors03040Spliceosome
2.2 Translation
03010Ribosome00970Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis03013RNA transport03015mRNA surveillance pathway03008Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes
2.3 Folding, sorting and degradation
03060Protein export04141Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum04130SNARE interactions in vesicular transport04120Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis04122Sulfur relay system03050Proteasome03018RNA degradation
2.4 Replication and repair
03030DNA replication03410Base excision repair03420Nucleotide excision repair03430Mismatch repair03440Homologous recombination03450Non-homologous end-joining03460Fanconi anemia pathway
3. Environmental Information Processing
3.1 Membrane transport
02010ABC transporters02060Phosphotransferase system (PTS)03070Bacterial secretion system
3.2 Signal transduction
02020Two-component system04014Ras signaling pathway04015Rap1 signaling pathway04010MAPK signaling pathway04013MAPK signaling pathway - fly04016MAPK signaling pathway - plant04011MAPK signaling pathway - yeast04012ErbB signaling pathway04310Wnt signaling pathway04330Notch signaling pathway04340Hedgehog signaling pathway04341Hedgehog signaling pathway - fly04350TGF-beta signaling pathway04390Hippo signaling pathway04391Hippo signaling pathway - fly04392Hippo signaling pathway - multiple species04370VEGF signaling pathway04371Apelin signaling pathway04630Jak-STAT signaling pathway04064NF-kappa B signaling pathway04668TNF signaling pathway04066HIF-1 signaling pathway04068FoxO signaling pathway04020Calcium signaling pathway04070Phosphatidylinositol signaling system04072Phospholipase D signaling pathway04071Sphingolipid signaling pathway04024cAMP signaling pathway04022cGMP-PKG signaling pathway04151PI3K-Akt signaling pathway04152AMPK signaling pathway04150mTOR signaling pathway04075Plant hormone signal transduction
3.3 Signaling molecules and interaction
04080Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction04060Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction04061Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor04512ECM-receptor interaction04514Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
4. Cellular Processes
4.1 Transport and catabolism
04144Endocytosis04145Phagosome04142Lysosome04146Peroxisome04140Autophagy - animal04138Autophagy - yeast04136Autophagy - other04137Mitophagy - animal04139Mitophagy - yeast
4.2 Cell growth and death
04110Cell cycle04111Cell cycle - yeast04112Cell cycle - Caulobacter04113Meiosis - yeast04114Oocyte meiosis04210Apoptosis04214Apoptosis - fly04215Apoptosis - multiple species04216Ferroptosis04217Necroptosis04115p53 signaling pathway04218Cellular senescence
4.3 Cellular community - eukaryotes
04510Focal adhesion04520Adherens junction04530Tight junction04540Gap junction04550Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells
4.4 Cellular community - prokaryotes
02024Quorum sensing05111Biofilm formation - Vibrio cholerae02025Biofilm formation - Pseudomonas aeruginosa02026Biofilm formation - Escherichia coli
4.5 Cell motility
02030Bacterial chemotaxis02040Flagellar assembly04810Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
5. Organismal Systems
5.1 Immune system
04640Hematopoietic cell lineage04610Complement and coagulation cascades04611Platelet activation04620Toll-like receptor signaling pathway04624Toll and Imd signaling pathway04621NOD-like receptor signaling pathway04622RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway04623Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway04625C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway04650Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity04612Antigen processing and presentation04660T cell receptor signaling pathway04658Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation04659Th17 cell differentiation04657IL-17 signaling pathway04662B cell receptor signaling pathway04664Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway04666Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis04670Leukocyte transendothelial migration04672Intestinal immune network for IgA production04062Chemokine signaling pathway
5.2 Endocrine system
04911Insulin secretion04910Insulin signaling pathway04922Glucagon signaling pathway04923Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes04920Adipocytokine signaling pathway03320PPAR signaling pathway04929GnRH secretion04912GnRH signaling pathway04913Ovarian steroidogenesis04915Estrogen signaling pathway04914Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation04917Prolactin signaling pathway04921Oxytocin signaling pathway04926Relaxin signaling pathway04935Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action New!04918Thyroid hormone synthesis04919Thyroid hormone signaling pathway04928Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action04916Melanogenesis04924Renin secretion04614Renin-angiotensin system04925Aldosterone synthesis and secretion04927Cortisol synthesis and secretion
5.3 Circulatory system
04260Cardiac muscle contraction04261Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes04270Vascular smooth muscle contraction
5.4 Digestive system
04970Salivary secretion04971Gastric acid secretion04972Pancreatic secretion04976Bile secretion04973Carbohydrate digestion and absorption04974Protein digestion and absorption04975Fat digestion and absorption04979Cholesterol metabolism04977Vitamin digestion and absorption04978Mineral absorption
5.5 Excretory system
04962Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption04960Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption04961Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption04964Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation04966Collecting duct acid secretion
5.6 Nervous system
04724Glutamatergic synapse04727GABAergic synapse04725Cholinergic synapse04728Dopaminergic synapse04726Serotonergic synapse04720Long-term potentiation04730Long-term depression04723Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling04721Synaptic vesicle cycle04722Neurotrophin signaling pathway
5.7 Sensory system
04744Phototransduction04745Phototransduction - fly04740Olfactory transduction04742Taste transduction04750Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels
5.8 Development and regeneration
04320Dorso-ventral axis formation04360Axon guidance04361Axon regeneration04380Osteoclast differentiation
5.9 Aging
04211Longevity regulating pathway04212Longevity regulating pathway - worm04213Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species
5.10 Environmental adaptation
04710Circadian rhythm04713Circadian entrainment04711Circadian rhythm - fly04712Circadian rhythm - plant04714Thermogenesis04626Plant-pathogen interaction
6. Human Diseases
6.1 Cancer: overview
[Cancer network viewer]
05200Pathways in cancer05202Transcriptional misregulation in cancer05206MicroRNAs in cancer05205Proteoglycans in cancer05204Chemical carcinogenesis05203Viral carcinogenesis05230Central carbon metabolism in cancer05231Choline metabolism in cancer05235PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer
6.2 Cancer: specific types
05210Colorectal cancer05212Pancreatic cancer05225Hepatocellular carcinoma05226Gastric cancer05214Glioma05216Thyroid cancer05221Acute myeloid leukemia05220Chronic myeloid leukemia05217Basal cell carcinoma05218Melanoma05211Renal cell carcinoma05219Bladder cancer05215Prostate cancer05213Endometrial cancer05224Breast cancer05222Small cell lung cancer05223Non-small cell lung cancer
6.3 Immune disease
05310Asthma05322Systemic lupus erythematosus05323Rheumatoid arthritis05320Autoimmune thyroid disease05321Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)05330Allograft rejection05332Graft-versus-host disease05340Primary immunodeficiency
6.4 Neurodegenerative disease
05010Alzheimer disease05012Parkinson disease05014Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)05016Huntington disease05017Spinocerebellar ataxia New!05020Prion diseases
6.5 Substance dependence
05030Cocaine addiction05031Amphetamine addiction05032Morphine addiction05033Nicotine addiction05034Alcoholism
6.6 Cardiovascular disease
05418Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis05410Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)05412Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)05414Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)05416Viral myocarditis
6.7 Endocrine and metabolic disease
04930Type II diabetes mellitus04940Type I diabetes mellitus04950Maturity onset diabetes of the young04932Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)04931Insulin resistance04933AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications04934Cushing syndrome
6.8 Infectious disease: bacterial
05110Vibrio cholerae infection05120Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection05130Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection05132Salmonella infection05131Shigellosis05135Yersinia infection05133Pertussis05134Legionellosis05150Staphylococcus aureus infection05152Tuberculosis05100Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells
6.9 Infectious disease: viral
05166Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection05170Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection05162Measles05164Influenza A05161Hepatitis B05160Hepatitis C05168Herpes simplex virus 1 infection05163Human cytomegalovirus infection05167Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection05169Epstein-Barr virus infection05165Human papillomavirus infection
6.10 Infectious disease: parasitic
05146Amoebiasis05144Malaria05145Toxoplasmosis05140Leishmaniasis05142Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)05143African trypanosomiasis
6.11 Drug resistance: antimicrobial
01501beta-Lactam resistance01502Vancomycin resistance01503Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance
6.12 Drug resistance: antineoplastic
01521EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance01524Platinum drug resistance01523Antifolate resistance01522Endocrine resistance
7. Drug Development
7.1 Chronology: Antiinfectives
07011Penicillins07012Cephalosporins - parenteral agents07013Cephalosporins - oral agents07021Aminoglycosides07019Tetracyclines07020Macrolides and ketolides07014Quinolones07023Rifamycins07026Antifungal agents07044Antiviral agents07053Anti-HIV agents
7.2 Chronology: Antineoplastics
07040Antineoplastics - alkylating agents07041Antineoplastics - antimetabolic agents07042Antineoplastics - agents from natural products07043Antineoplastics - hormones07045Antineoplastics - protein kinases inhibitors
7.3 Chronology: Nervous system agents
07032Hypnotics07030Anxiolytics07033Anticonvulsants07015Local analgesics07039Opioid analgesics07028Antipsychotics07029Antipsychotics - phenothiazines07031Antipsychotics - butyrophenones07027Antidepressants07056Agents for Alzheimer-type dementia07057Antiparkinsonian agents
7.4 Chronology: Other drugs
07055Sulfonamide derivatives - overview07016Sulfonamide derivatives - sulfa drugs07017Sulfonamide derivatives - diuretics07018Sulfonamide derivatives - hypoglycemic agents07037Antiarrhythmic drugs07038Antiulcer drugs07046Immunosuppressive agents07047Osteoporosis drugs07048Antimigraines07049Antithrombosis agents07050Antirheumatics - DMARDs and biological agents07051Antidiabetics07052Antidyslipidemic agents07054Antiglaucoma agents
7.5 Target-based classification: G protein-coupled receptors
07220Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs07215alpha-Adrenergic receptor agonists/antagonists07214beta-Adrenergic receptor agonists/antagonists07213Dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists07212Histamine H1 receptor antagonists07227Histamine H2/H3 receptor agonists/antagonists07211Serotonin receptor agonists/antagonists07228Eicosanoid receptor agonists/antagonists07224Opioid receptor agonists/antagonists07229Angiotensin receptor and endothelin receptor antagonists
7.6 Target-based classification: Nuclear receptors
07225Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor agonists/antagonists07226Progesterone, androgen and estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists07223Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists/antagonists07222Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists
7.7 Target-based classification: Ion channels
07221Nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists07230GABA-A receptor agonists/antagonists07036Calcium channel blocking drugs07231Sodium channel blocking drugs07232Potassium channel blocking and opening drugs07235N-Metyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonists
7.8 Target-based classification: Transporters
07233Ion transporter inhibitors07234Neurotransmitter transporter inhibitors
7.9 Target-based classification: Enzymes
07216Catecholamine transferase inhibitors07219Cyclooxygenase inhibitors07024HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors07217Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors07218HIV protease inhibitors
7.10 Structure-based classification
07025Quinolines07034Eicosanoids07035Prostaglandins
7.11 Skeleton-based classification
07110Benzoic acid family071121,2-Diphenyl substitution family07114Naphthalene family07117Benzodiazepine family

