top100_e = names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[,cols1]),decreasing = T)[1:100])
top100_sc = names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[,cols2]),decreasing = T)[1:100])
fc_e[top100_e]
fc_e
sort(fc_e,decreasing = T)
fc_e[top100_e]
top100_e
fc_e
length(fc_e)
top100_e = names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[,cols1]),decreasing = T)[1:200])
top100_sc = names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[,cols2]),decreasing = T)[1:200])
fc_e[top100_e]
top100_e = names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[,cols1]),decreasing = T)[1:500])
top100_sc = names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[,cols2]),decreasing = T)[1:500])
fc_e[top100_e]
sort(fc_e[top100_e],decreasing = T)
sort(fc_e,decreasing = T)
fc = rowMeans(belmonte[,cols1]+1)/rowMeans(belmonte[,cols2]+1)
fc
abs(log2(fc))
sort(abs(log2(fc)))
least_change = sort(abs(log2(fc)))[1:100]
total = rowMeans(belmonte[,c(cols1,cols2)]+1)
total
sort(total,decreasing = T)
sort(total[names(least_change)],decreasing = T)
TAIRnames(names(sort(total[names(least_change)],decreasing = T)))
(names(sort(total[names(least_change)],decreasing = T)))
belmonte
apply(belmonte,2,sd)
apply(belmonte,1,sd)
apply(belmonte,1,sd) / rowMeans(belmonte)
sort(apply(belmonte,1,sd) / rowMeans(belmonte))[1:100]
sort(fc_e,decreasing = T)
tpm = read.table('L:/members/Schon/lab_files/rna_seq/Internal/Araport11_nod_160721/master_genes_Araport_160808.txt',stringsAsFactors = F,header = T)
stagescolors = c(
"black", "#8B2323", "#FF6600", "#FFCC00", "#CCF600",
"#00CC33", "#00CCFF", "#4069B1", "#84449A",
"#000000", "#006600"
)
library(beeswarm)
tpmplot = function(gene_id,max_y=0,earliest=F){
tpm_values = as.numeric(tpm[gene_id,])
title_string = gsub(' +- +\n','',TAIRnames(gene_id,push = T))
if(max_y == 0)max_y = max(tpm_values,na.rm = T)
par(lend='square',ljoin='mitre',lwd=1)
plot(-10,-10,axes=F,xlim=c(0,12),ylim=c(0,max_y),
xlab="Tissue", ylab="TPM",
main=title_string,
font.main=1,cex.main=1)
beeswarm(
data.frame(cbind(rep(NA,3),matrix(as.numeric(tpm[gene_id,])[1:30],nrow = 3, byrow = F))),
col=stagescolors, pch=20, add=T, cex=1.5, spacing = .5, axes=F
)
axis(2,las=1)
if(earliest){
beeswarm(
data.frame(matrix(as.numeric(tpm[gene_id,])[c(89:92,95,96)],nrow = 2, byrow = F)),
col='black', pch=0, add=T, spacing = .5
)
}
abline(v=9.5,lty=2)
polygon(x = c(0,14,14,0),y = c(0,0,-100,-100),border = NA,col='white')
abline(h=0)
}
tpm_pdf = function(gene_id,max_y=0,earliest=F){
pdf(paste(gene_id,'.pdf',sep=''),4,3,useDingbats = F,pointsize = 8)
tpmplot(gene_id,max_y,earliest)
dev.off()
}
tpmplot('AT2G34700')
load("L:/members/Schon/Writing/transcriptome_paper/.RData")
tpmplot('AT2G34700')
tpmplot('AT2G34700',earliest = T)
tpmplot('AT2G34700')
tpmplot('AT2G34700',earliest = T)
sort(fc_e,decreasing = T)
TAIRnames(names(sort(fc_e,decreasing = T)))
sort(fc_e,decreasing = T)
fc_e > 10
fc_e[fc_e > 10]
names(fc_e[fc_e > 10])
sc = names(fc_sc[fc_sc < 1/10])
sc
names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[emb,cols1]),decreasing = T))
emb
emb = names(fc_e[fc_e > 10])
sc = names(fc_sc[fc_sc < 1/10])
emb
names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[emb,cols1]),decreasing = T))
TAIRnames(names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[emb,cols1]),decreasing = T)))
names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[sc,cols2]),decreasing = T))
sc
fc_sc
sort(fc_sc)
fc_sc < 0.1
fc_sc[fc_sc < 0.1[]
fc_sc[fc_sc < 0.1
]
fc_sc[fc_sc < 0.1]
names(fc_sc[fc_sc < 0.1])
sc = names(fc_sc[fc_sc < 0.1])
names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[sc,cols2]),decreasing = T))
TAIRnames(names(sort(rowMeans(belmonte[sc,cols2]),decreasing = T)))
grep('^g',colnames(belmonte))
grep('^g',colnames(belmonte),value = T)
belmonte[grep('^g',colnames(belmonte)),]
glob = belmonte[grep('^g',colnames(belmonte)),]
apply(glob,2,sd)
apply(glob,1,sd)
glob
glob = belmonte[,grep('^g',colnames(belmonte))]
apply(glob,1,sd)
apply(glob,1,sd)/rowMeans(glob)
sort(apply(glob,1,sd)/rowMeans(glob))
TAIRnames(names(sort(apply(glob,1,sd)/rowMeans(glob))))
TAIRnames(names(sort(apply(glob,1,sd)/rowMeans(glob))))[1:100]
TAIRnames(names(sort(apply(glob,1,sd)/rowMeans(glob)))[1:100])
onto.test(names(sort(apply(glob,1,sd)/rowMeans(glob)))[1:100])
stagescolors = c(
"black", "#8B2323", "#FF6600", "#FFCC00", "#CCF600",
"#00CC33", "#00CCFF", "#4069B1", "#84449A",
"#000000", "#006600"
)
library(beeswarm)
tpmplot = function(gene_id,max_y=0,earliest=F){
tpm_values = as.numeric(tpm[gene_id,])
title_string = gsub(' +- +\n','',TAIRnames(gene_id,push = T))
if(max_y == 0)max_y = max(tpm_values,na.rm = T)
par(lend='square',ljoin='mitre',lwd=1)
plot(-10,-10,axes=F,xlim=c(0,12),ylim=c(0,max_y),
xlab="Tissue", ylab="TPM",
main=title_string,
font.main=1,cex.main=1)
beeswarm(
data.frame(cbind(rep(NA,3),matrix(as.numeric(tpm[gene_id,])[1:30],nrow = 3, byrow = F))),
col=stagescolors, pch=20, add=T, cex=1.5, spacing = .5, axes=F
)
axis(2,las=1)
if(earliest){
beeswarm(
data.frame(matrix(as.numeric(tpm[gene_id,])[c(89:92,95,96)],nrow = 2, byrow = F)),
col='black', pch=0, add=T, spacing = .5
)
}
abline(v=9.5,lty=2)
polygon(x = c(0,14,14,0),y = c(0,0,-100,-100),border = NA,col='white')
abline(h=0)
}
tpmplot('AT2G34700',earliest = T)
tpmplot('AT5G45980',earliest = T)
tpmplot('AT3G48770',earliest = T)
tpmplot('AT1G62410',earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("ARR3"),earliest = T)
tpmplot('AT3G10780',earliest = T)
tpmplot('AT5G09570',earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("ZLL"),earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("^ARF3$"),earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("^ARF3$")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("^ARF3$")[2],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("^ARF4$")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("PAO")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO4")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO2")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO5")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO6")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO7")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO8")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO9")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO1")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO2")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("AGO5")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("ARF17")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("ARF12")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("ARF13")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("ARF14")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("SPL10")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("SPL11")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("SPL9")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("SDN1")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("SDN2")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("SDN3")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("SDN4")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot(agi("SDN5")[1],earliest = T)
tpmplot('AT3G50090',earliest = T)
tpm['AT3G50090',]
sort(tpm['AT3G50090',])
allexp('AT3G50090')
allexp('AT3G50090',devline = T)
load("L:/members/Schon/Writing/transcriptome_paper/.RData")
bedfile = read.table('L:/projects/bookend/eh.sub.bed',stringsAsFactors = F,sep='\t')
nrow(bedfile)
view(bedfile)
View(bedfile)
bedfile[14,]
bedline = bedfile[14,]
strsplit(bedline[11],',')[[1]]
bedline[11]
bedfile = read.table('L:/projects/bookend/eh.sub.bed',stringsAsFactors = F,sep='\t')
bedline = bedfile[14,]
bedline[11]
str(bedline[11])
strsplit(bedline[11],',')[[1]]
strsplit(as.character(bedline[11]),',')[[1]]
as.numeric(strsplit(as.character(bedline[11]),',')[[1]])
blocksizes = as.numeric(strsplit(as.character(bedline[11]),',')[[1]])
blockstarts = as.numeric(strsplit(as.character(bedline[12]),',')[[1]])
blockstarts+start
start = as.numeric(bedline[2])
blockstarts+start
blockstarts+start
cbind(blockstarts+start,blockstarts+start+blocksizes)
bed_to_blocks = function(bedline){
start = as.numeric(bedline[2])
blocksizes = as.numeric(strsplit(as.character(bedline[11]),',')[[1]])
blockstarts = as.numeric(strsplit(as.character(bedline[12]),',')[[1]])
return(bind(blockstarts+start,blockstarts+start+blocksizes))
}
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[1,])
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[14,])
bed_to_blocks = function(bedline){
start = as.numeric(bedline[2])
blocksizes = as.numeric(strsplit(as.character(bedline[11]),',')[[1]])
blockstarts = as.numeric(strsplit(as.character(bedline[12]),',')[[1]])
return(cbind(blockstarts+start,blockstarts+start+blocksizes))
}
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[14,])
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[15,])
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[17,])
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[18,])
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[19,])
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[1,])
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[2,])
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[3,])
min(bedfile[,2])
max(bedfile[,3])
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0))
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
segments(bed_to_blocks(bedfile[2,]))
i=14
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
blocks
segments(x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],y0=2300,y1=2300)
segments(x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],y0=2300,y1=2300,lwd=2)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0))
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedline)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
segments(x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2)
}
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
segments(x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2)
}
bedfile[i,]
bedfile[i,4]
bookend_colors["TES"]
bedline
label = gsub('U','',bedline[4])
label
label = gsub('J','',gsub('U','',bedline[4]))
label
bookend_colors["BODY"]
bookend_colors["TSS"]
get_color = function(bedline){
label = gsub('J','',gsub('U','',bedline[4]))
if(label == 'S'){
return("#1C75BC")
}else{
if(label == 'E'){
return("#BE1E2D")
}else{
return("#808285")
}
}
}
pdf('lines_in_file.pdf',useDingbats = F)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0))
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2,col=get_color(bedfile[i,]))
}
dev.off()
dev.off()
dev.off()
setwd('L:/members/Schon/Writing/transcriptome_paper/')
pdf('lines_in_file.pdf',useDingbats = F)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0))
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2,col=get_color(bedfile[i,]))
}
dev.off()
pdf('lines_in_file.pdf',useDingbats = F)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),lend='butt',ljoin='mitre')
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=1,col=get_color(bedfile[i,])
)
}
dev.off()
bed_to_blocks(bedfile[1,])
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[1,])
nrow(blocks)
pdf('lines_in_file.pdf',height = 20,width = 8,useDingbats = F)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),lend='butt',ljoin='mitre')
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2,col=get_color(bedfile[i,])
)
if(nrow(blocks)>1){
segments(
x0 = blocks[(1:(nrow(blocks)-1)),1],x1=blocks[(2:(nrow(blocks))),2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=1,lty=3,col='gray'
)
}
}
dev.off()
pdf('lines_in_file.pdf',height = 120,width = 8,useDingbats = F)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),lend='butt',ljoin='mitre')
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
if(nrow(blocks)>1){
segments(
x0 = blocks[(1:(nrow(blocks)-1)),1],x1=blocks[(2:(nrow(blocks))),2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=1,lty=2,col='gray'
)
}
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2,col=get_color(bedfile[i,])
)
}
dev.off()
pdf('lines_in_file.pdf',height = 120,width = 8,useDingbats = F)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),lend='butt',ljoin='mitre')
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
if(nrow(blocks)>1){
segments(
x0 = blocks[(1:(nrow(blocks)-1)),1],x1=blocks[(2:(nrow(blocks))),2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=.5,lty=1,col='gray80'
)
}
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2,col=get_color(bedfile[i,])
)
}
dev.off()
grep('J',bedfile[14,])
grep('J',bedfile[14,4])
length(grep('J',bedfile[14,4]))
length(grep('J',bedfile[14,4]))>=
length(grep('J',bedfile[14,4]))>0
get_color = function(bedline){
if(length(grep('J',bedline[4]))>0){
return('violet')
}else{
label = gsub('J','',gsub('U','',bedline[4]))
if(label == 'S'){
return("#1C75BC")
}else{
if(label == 'E'){
return("#BE1E2D")
}else{
return("#808285")
}
}
}
}
pdf('lines_in_file.pdf',height = 120,width = 8,useDingbats = F)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),lend='butt',ljoin='mitre')
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
if(nrow(blocks)>1){
segments(
x0 = blocks[(1:(nrow(blocks)-1)),1],x1=blocks[(2:(nrow(blocks))),2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=.5,lty=1,col='gray80'
)
}
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2,col=get_color(bedfile[i,])
)
}
dev.off()
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),lend='butt',ljoin='mitre')
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
if(nrow(blocks)>1){
segments(
x0 = blocks[(1:(nrow(blocks)-1)),1],x1=blocks[(2:(nrow(blocks))),2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=.5,lty=1,col='gray80'
)
}
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2,col=get_color(bedfile[i,])
)
}
pdf('lines_in_file.pdf',height = 200,width = 8,useDingbats = F)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),lend='butt',ljoin='mitre')
plot(-10,-10,xlim=c(min(bedfile[,2]),max(bedfile[,3])),ylim=c(1,nrow(bedfile)))
for(i in 1:nrow(bedfile)){
yval = nrow(bedfile) - i
blocks = bed_to_blocks(bedfile[i,])
if(nrow(blocks)>1){
segments(
x0 = blocks[(1:(nrow(blocks)-1)),1],x1=blocks[(2:(nrow(blocks))),2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=.5,lty=1,col='gray80'
)
}
segments(
x0 = blocks[,1],x1=blocks[,2],
y0=yval,y1=yval,lwd=2,col=get_color(bedfile[i,])
)
}
dev.off()
x=as.numeric(readClipboard())
x
plot(x,type='h')
x=as.numeric(readClipboard())
plot(x,type='h')
plot(x,type='h',col=c('deepskyblue2','forestgreen','firebrick2'))
plot(x,type='h',col=c('deepskyblue2','forestgreen','firebrick2'),lws=2)
plot(x,type='h',col=c('deepskyblue2','forestgreen','firebrick2'),lwd=2)
dev.off()
plot(x,type='h',col=c('deepskyblue2','forestgreen','firebrick2'),lwd=2)
abliv=301
abline(v=30)
abline(v=301)
plot(x[200:401],type='h',col=c('deepskyblue2','forestgreen','firebrick2'),lwd=2)
# Take the results from "all_features_deseq.R" and try to validate them
# using the public PARE data in wt vs. xrn4
nanoPARE_colors = c(
BODY='#808285',
CAP='#1C75BC',
UNCAP="#F7941E",
DIGEST='',
XRN4='#00CC66',
D234='#CC00FF'
)
german_cap = read.table('../data_tables/german.capped_exon.counts.tsv',stringsAsFactors = F,header = F)
setwd("L:/members/Schon/Writing/nanoPARE/GR_revision/supplemental_code_S1/figure_scripts/")
german_cap = read.table('../data_tables/german.capped_exon.counts.tsv',stringsAsFactors = F,header = F)
german_noncap = read.table('../data_tables/german.noncapped_exon.counts.tsv',stringsAsFactors = F,header = F)
shared_agis = intersect(german_cap[,1],german_noncap[,1])
cap_plus = german_cap[german_cap[,3]=='+',4:5]
colnames(cap_plus) = c('wt','xrn4')
rownames(cap_plus) = german_cap[german_cap[,3]=='+',1]
cap_minus = german_cap[german_cap[,3]=='-',6:7]
colnames(cap_minus) = c('wt','xrn4')
rownames(cap_minus) = german_cap[german_cap[,3]=='-',1]
german_cap = rbind(cap_plus, cap_minus)
rm(cap_plus,cap_minus)
noncap_plus = german_noncap[german_noncap[,3]=='+',4:5]
colnames(noncap_plus) = c('wt','xrn4')
rownames(noncap_plus) = german_noncap[german_noncap[,3]=='+',1]
noncap_minus = german_noncap[german_noncap[,3]=='-',6:7]
colnames(noncap_minus) = c('wt','xrn4')
rownames(noncap_minus) = german_noncap[german_noncap[,3]=='-',1]
german_noncap = rbind(noncap_plus, noncap_minus)
rm(noncap_plus,noncap_minus)
percent_capped_wt = german_cap[shared_agis,'wt']/(german_cap[shared_agis,'wt']+german_noncap[shared_agis,'wt'])
names(percent_capped_wt) = shared_agis
percent_capped_xrn4 = german_cap[shared_agis,'xrn4']/(german_cap[shared_agis,'xrn4']+german_noncap[shared_agis,'xrn4'])
names(percent_capped_xrn4) = shared_agis
percent_capped_wt_clean = percent_capped_wt[!is.na(percent_capped_wt)]
percent_capped_xrn4_clean = percent_capped_xrn4[!is.na(percent_capped_xrn4)]
percent_change_german = percent_capped_xrn4_clean[shared_agis] - percent_capped_wt_clean[shared_agis]
sort(percent_change_german,decreasing = T)
(german_cap[shared_agis,"xrn4"]+1)/(german_cap[shared_agis,"wt"]+1)
x=(german_cap[shared_agis,"xrn4"]+1)/(german_cap[shared_agis,"wt"]+1)
names(x) = shared_agis
sort(x,decreasing = T)
sort(x,decreasing = T)[1:1000]
names(sort(x,decreasing = T)[1:1000])
onto.test(names(sort(x,decreasing = T)[1:1000]))
onto.background(shared_agis)
onto.test(names(sort(x,decreasing = T)[1:1000]),background = 'prebuilt')
onto.test(names(sort(x,decreasing = T)[1:100]),background = 'prebuilt')
onto.test(names(sort(x,decreasing = T)[1:200]),background = 'prebuilt')
onto.test(names(sort(x,decreasing = T)[1:500]),background = 'prebuilt')
