RT Journal
A1 Lobo, Diana
A1 Morales, Hernan E
A1 Van Oosterhout, Cock
A1 Lopez-Bao, Jose Vicente
A1 Silva, Pedro
A1 Llaneza, Luis
A1 Pacheco, Carolina
A1 Castro, Diana
A1 Hernandez-Alonso, German
A1 Pacheco, George Antunes
A1 Archer, John Patrick
A1 Gilbert, M. Thomas P.
A1 Ferrand, Nuno
A1 Godinho, Raquel
T1 Ancient dog introgression into the Iberian wolf genome may have facilitated adaptation to human-dominated landscapes
JF Genome Research 
JO Genome Research 
YR 2025 
FD February 14 
DO 10.1101/gr.279093.124 
SP gr.279093.124 
UL http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2025/02/14/gr.279093.124.abstract 
AB Understanding how large carnivores respond to increasingly human-dominated landscapes will determine their future adaptive potential. The Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus), a gray wolf subspecies endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain), has uniquely persisted in human-dominated landscapes, unlike many other wolf populations that faced widespread extinction across Europe during the 20th century. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of 145 historical and contemporary Iberian wolf samples to investigate whether hybridization with domestic dogs resulted in genetic introgression. We identified a dog-derived block on Chromosome 2 in Iberian wolves, displaying signatures consistent with introgression and high nucleotide similarity among introgressed individuals. Additionally, our estimates place the average timing of introgression between 6,100 and 3,000 years ago, with low sequence divergence to dogs from the Iberian Peninsula suggesting a single local origin for the hybridization event. Using forward genetic simulations, we show that the introgressed haplotype is most likely being maintained in Iberian wolves by selection. The introgressed dog variants are located within the MAST4 gene, which has been linked to neurological disorders, including cognitive and motor developmental delays, hinting at a potential role in cognitive behavior in Iberian wolves. This study uncovers a case of putative adaptive introgression from domestic dogs into wolves, offering new insights into wild canids' adaptation to human-dominated landscapes.