TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holland, Linda Z.
A1  - Albalat, Ricard
A1  - Azumi, Kaoru
A1  - Benito-Gutiérrez, Èlia
A1  - Blow, Matthew J.
A1  - Bronner-Fraser, Marianne
A1  - Brunet, Frederic
A1  - Butts, Thomas
A1  - Candiani, Simona
A1  - Dishaw, Larry J.
A1  - Ferrier, David E.K.
A1  - Garcia-Fernàndez, Jordi
A1  - Gibson-Brown, Jeremy J.
A1  - Gissi, Carmela
A1  - Godzik, Adam
A1  - Hallböök, Finn
A1  - Hirose, Dan
A1  - Hosomichi, Kazuyoshi
A1  - Ikuta, Tetsuro
A1  - Inoko, Hidetoshi
A1  - Kasahara, Masanori
A1  - Kasamatsu, Jun
A1  - Kawashima, Takeshi
A1  - Kimura, Ayuko
A1  - Kobayashi, Masaaki
A1  - Kozmik, Zbynek
A1  - Kubokawa, Kaoru
A1  - Laudet, Vincent
A1  - Litman, Gary W.
A1  - McHardy, Alice C.
A1  - Meulemans, Daniel
A1  - Nonaka, Masaru
A1  - Olinski, Robert P.
A1  - Pancer, Zeev
A1  - Pennacchio, Len A.
A1  - Pestarino, Mario
A1  - Rast, Jonathan P.
A1  - Rigoutsos, Isidore
A1  - Robinson-Rechavi, Marc
A1  - Roch, Graeme
A1  - Saiga, Hidetoshi
A1  - Sasakura, Yasunori
A1  - Satake, Masanobu
A1  - Satou, Yutaka
A1  - Schubert, Michael
A1  - Sherwood, Nancy
A1  - Shiina, Takashi
A1  - Takatori, Naohito
A1  - Tello, Javier
A1  - Vopalensky, Pavel
A1  - Wada, Shuichi
A1  - Xu, Anlong
A1  - Ye, Yuzhen
A1  - Yoshida, Keita
A1  - Yoshizaki, Fumiko
A1  - Yu, Jr-Kai
A1  - Zhang, Qing
A1  - Zmasek, Christian M.
A1  - Putnam, Nicholas H.
A1  - Rokhsar, Daniel S.
A1  - Satoh, Noriyuki
A1  - Holland, Peter W.H.
T1  - The amphioxus genome illuminates vertebrate origins and cephalochordate biology
Y1  - 2008/07/01 
JF  - Genome Research 
JO  - Genome Research 
DO  - 10.1101/gr.073676.107 
UR  - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2008/06/18/gr.073676.107.abstract 
N2  - Cephalochordates, urochordates, and vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor over 520 million years ago. To improve our understanding of chordate evolution and the origin of vertebrates, we intensively searched for particular genes, gene families, and conserved noncoding elements in the sequenced genome of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae, commonly called amphioxus or lancelets. Special attention was given to homeobox genes, opsin genes, genes involved in neural crest development, nuclear receptor genes, genes encoding components of the endocrine and immune systems, and conserved cis-regulatory enhancers. The amphioxus genome contains a basic set of chordate genes involved in development and cell signaling, including a fifteenth Hox gene. This set includes many genes that were co-opted in vertebrates for new roles in neural crest development and adaptive immunity. However, where amphioxus has a single gene, vertebrates often have two, three, or four paralogs derived from two whole-genome duplication events. In addition, several transcriptional enhancers are conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates—a very wide phylogenetic distance. In contrast, urochordate genomes have lost many genes, including a diversity of homeobox families and genes involved in steroid hormone function. The amphioxus genome also exhibits derived features, including duplications of opsins and genes proposed to function in innate immunity and endocrine systems. Our results indicate that the amphioxus genome is elemental to an understanding of the biology and evolution of nonchordate deuterostomes, invertebrate chordates, and vertebrates. 
ER  -