@article{Chantzi01112025,
author = {Chantzi, Nikol and Nayak, Akshatha and Baltoumas, Fotis A. and Aplakidou, Eleni and Liew, Shiau Wei and Galuh, Jesslyn Elvaretta and Patsakis, Michail and Montgomery, Austin and Moeckel, Camille and Mouratidis, Ioannis and Sazed, Saiful Arefeen and Guiblet, Wilfried and Karmiris-Obratański, Panagiotis and Wang, Guliang and Zaravinos, Apostolos and Vasquez, Karen M. and Kwok, Chun Kit and Pavlopoulos, Georgios A. and Georgakopoulos-Soares, Ilias}, 
title = {Quadrupia provides a comprehensive catalog of G-quadruplexes across genomes from the tree of life},
volume = {35}, 
number = {11}, 
pages = {2578-2600}, 
year = {2025}, 
doi = {10.1101/gr.279790.124}, 
abstract ={G-quadruplex DNA structures exhibit a profound influence on essential biological processes, including transcription, replication, telomere maintenance, and genomic stability. These structures have demonstrably shaped organismal evolution. However, a comprehensive, organism-wide G-quadruplex map encompassing the diversity of life has remained elusive. Here, we introduce Quadrupia, the most extensive and well-characterized G-quadruplex database to date, facilitating the exploration of G-quadruplex structures across the evolutionary spectrum. Quadrupia has identified G-quadruplex sequences in 108,449 reference genomes, with a total of 140,181,277 G-quadruplexes. The database also hosts a collection of 319,784 G-quadruplex clusters of 20 or more members, annotated by taxonomic distributions, multiple sequence alignments, profile hidden Markov models, and cross-references to G-quadruplex 3D structures. Examination of G-quadruplexes across functional genomic elements in different taxa indicates preferential orientation and positioning, with significant differences between individual taxonomic groups. For example, we find that G-quadruplexes in bacteria with a single replication origin display profound preference for the leading orientation. Finally, we experimentally validate the most frequently observed G-quadruplexes using CD-spectroscopy, UV melting, and fluorescent-based approaches.}, 
URL = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/35/11/2578.abstract}, 
eprint = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/35/11/2578.full.pdf+html}, 
journal = {Genome Research} 
}