TY  - JOUR
A1  - Metzger, David C.H.
A1  - Porter, Imogen
A1  - Mobley, Brendan
A1  - Sandkam, Benjamin A.
A1  - Fong, Lydia J.M.
A1  - Anderson, Andrew P.
A1  - Mank, Judith E.
T1  - Transposon wave remodeled the epigenomic landscape in the rapid evolution of X-Chromosome dosage compensation
Y1  - 2023/11/01 
JF  - Genome Research 
JO  - Genome Research 
SP  - 1917 
EP  - 1931 
DO  - 10.1101/gr.278127.123 
VL  - 33 
IS  - 11 
UR  - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/33/11/1917.abstract 
N2  - Sex chromosome dosage compensation is a model to understand the coordinated evolution of transcription; however, the advanced age of the sex chromosomes in model systems makes it difficult to study how the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying chromosome-wide dosage compensation can evolve. The sex chromosomes of Poecilia picta have undergone recent and rapid divergence, resulting in widespread gene loss on the male Y, coupled with complete X Chromosome dosage compensation, the first case reported in a fish. The recent de novo origin of dosage compensation presents a unique opportunity to understand the genetic and evolutionary basis of coordinated chromosomal gene regulation. By combining a new chromosome-level assembly of P. picta with whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq data, we determine that the YY1 transcription factor (YY1) DNA binding motif is associated with male-specific hypomethylated regions on the X, but not the autosomes. These YY1 motifs are the result of a recent and rapid repetitive element expansion on the P. picta X Chromosome, which is absent in closely related species that lack dosage compensation. Taken together, our results present compelling support that a disruptive wave of repetitive element insertions carrying YY1 motifs resulted in the remodeling of the X Chromosome epigenomic landscape and the rapid de novo origin of a dosage compensation system. 
ER  -