TY  - JOUR
A1  - Amat, Ramon
A1  - Böttcher, René
A1  - Le Dily, François
A1  - Vidal, Enrique
A1  - Quilez, Javier
A1  - Cuartero, Yasmina
A1  - Beato, Miguel
A1  - de Nadal, Eulàlia
A1  - Posas, Francesc
T1  - Rapid reversible changes in compartments and local chromatin organization revealed by hyperosmotic shock
Y1  - 2019/01/01 
JF  - Genome Research 
JO  - Genome Research 
SP  - 18 
EP  - 28 
DO  - 10.1101/gr.238527.118 
VL  - 29 
IS  - 1 
UR  - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/29/1/18.abstract 
N2  - Nuclear architecture is decisive for the assembly of transcriptional responses. However, how chromosome organization is dynamically modulated to permit rapid and transient transcriptional changes in response to environmental challenges remains unclear. Here we show that hyperosmotic stress disrupts different levels of chromosome organization, ranging from A/B compartment changes to reduction in the number and insulation of topologically associating domains (TADs). Concomitantly, transcription is greatly affected, TAD borders weaken, and RNA Polymerase II runs off from hundreds of transcription end sites. Stress alters the binding profiles of architectural proteins, which explains the disappearance of local chromatin organization. These processes are dynamic, and cells rapidly reconstitute their default chromatin conformation after stress removal, uncovering an intrinsic organization. Transcription is not required for local chromatin reorganization, while compartment recovery is partially transcription-dependent. Thus, nuclear organization in mammalian cells can be rapidly modulated by environmental changes in a reversible manner. 
ER  -